摘要： 从细胞学水平上探讨影响甘蓝裂球的原因, 为甘蓝耐裂性材料的选育和新品种的育成提供理论依据, 并为甘蓝耐裂性鉴定指标的制定提供依据。运用扫描电子显微镜对4份耐裂性不同的甘蓝叶表面微形态及细胞组织结构进行比较观察。结果表明:甘蓝球叶表皮细胞为无规则型, 气孔为卵圆形或长椭圆形。材料间下表皮微形态存在较显著的差别:耐裂材料的垂周壁上有明显的波状嵴, 平周壁上有加厚的条纹状角质层纹饰, 保卫细胞四周角质层褶皱较多、起伏较大, 表皮细胞上覆盖有大量的粉状或颗粒状蜡质。易裂材料的垂周壁呈沟槽状下陷, 平周壁上角质层光滑, 保卫细胞四周角质层较平坦。耐裂材料的叶肉细胞层数多, 排列紧密, 间隙小。易裂材料叶肉细胞层数少, 排列松散, 间隙大。耐裂材料与易裂材料在球叶表面微形态及细胞组织结构上表现显著差异。

关键词: 结球甘蓝, 裂球, 叶表面微形态, 细胞组织结构, 扫描电镜

Abstract: The research explored the reason for cabbage head splitting based on cytology to provide the theoretic basis for selection of splitting-tolerant materials and development of new varieties, and also laid the foundation for splitting assessment index. The electron microscope scanning was used to observe leaf epidermal structures and tissue characters of 4 cabbage cultivars which differ in splitting-resistance. The epidermal cells were anomo-shaped, the stomata were mostly focused in the low epidermis and stomatal apparatus were ovate or elliptical. The significant differences existed in lower epidermis among materials:in 2 splitting-resistant eultivars, their anticlinal walls had clearly sinuous ridges and the periclinal walls had equal thick ornamentations of cuticles; the defensive cells were rounded cuticles of projected ridges, and epidermal cells were covered with dense powder. In 2 splitting-susceptiblity cultivars, the anticlinal walls sink in and form groove, and the cuticles in periclinal wails were more smooth; the stoma were rounded smooth cuticle. In 2 splitting-tolerant cultivars, mesophyll cells arranged tightly and small gap between cell, and mesophyll cells had loose structure and big space between cell in 2 splitting-susceptible ones. All the data indicated that there were distinctive differences in surface micro-configuration and tissue characters of leaf between splitting-resistant varieties and splitting-susceptible varieties.

Key words: Cabbage, Head-splitting, Leaf epidermis, Cell structure, Scanning electron microscopy

中图分类号: 

• S635.03