摘要： 对河北省1 200个果园土壤质量的现状及变化原因进行了调查，结果表明：果园土壤有机质含量偏低，处于低等与缺乏水平的样本比例占71%；土壤磷积累较多，6%的样本果园处于丰富水平，丰富水平磷的含量是果园土壤磷环境临界值(50.mg/kg)的2.2～7.7倍，存在较大的环境风险；土壤钾相对不足，处于低等及缺乏的样本占58%以上；果园的土壤微量元素铁、铜含量丰富，锌、硼含量中等，锰、钼含量处于低水平，土壤有效铜含量超过丰富水平的样本占70%～90%，处于丰富水平样本的含量是丰富水平标准(1 mg/kg)的2～5倍，各种果园土壤铜最高含量是毒害临界值(15 mg/kg)的1～2倍；近20%被调查果园的土壤表现出酸化现象。调查结果表明，果园有机养分投入不足，氮磷肥的过量施用，钾肥投入相对不足，含铜杀菌剂的过量、频繁使用等是造成河北省果园土壤质量变化的主要原因。果园土壤培肥、氮磷面源污染、铜过量积累以及酸化问题是今后果园土壤质量研究的重要方面。
关键词:
果园,
土壤质量,
现状,
演变,
酸化
Abstract: A survey on the status quo and change reasons of 1 200 orchards'soil quality was carried out in Hebei province.The results showed that the content of orchard soil organic matter was low and the 71% soil samples'contents were low and lack;the soil phosphorus was accumulated,the 46% soil samples'contents were abundant,the abundance contents were 2.2 -7.7 times as orchard soil phosphorus environment critical value(50mg/kg),high phosphorus content would exist high environment risk;the soil potassium was insufficient relatively,the over 58% soil samples'contents were low and lack;the contents of Fe and Cu were enough,the contents of Zn and B were medium,the contents of Mn and Mo were low,the 70% -90% soil samples'available copper contents were plenty in several orchards,these samples'contents were 2 -5 times as abundance content standard(1 mg/kg),the highest soil copper contents were 1 -2 times as contamination critical value(15 mg/kg);about 20% orchard soil occurred acidification.Moreover,the research indicated that the important reasons on orchard soil quality changes were deficient in organic nutrient application,nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers'excessive application,relatively lack in potassium fertilizer use,excessive in copper bactericides use and so on.Finally,it pointed out that the important aspects of orchard soil quality research in the future were orchard soil fertility improvement,non-point source contamination of nitrogen and phosphorus,soil copper excessive accumulation and acidification problem.
Key words:
Orchard,
Soil quality,
Status quo,
Change,
Acidification
中图分类号:
卢树昌, 贾文竹. 河北省果园土壤质量现状及演变分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2008, 23(5): 219-222. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2008.05.047.
LU Shu-chang, JIA Wen-zhu. Analysis on the Status Quo and Changes of Orchard Soil Quality in Hebei Province[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2008, 23(5): 219-222. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2008.05.047.