摘要： 野燕麦具有对小麦遗传改良有益的基因,将其遗传物质导入到小麦中对丰富小麦的种质资源具有重要意义。对小麦—野燕麦杂交获得的蓝粒新种质的染色体进行了初步鉴定,其染色体数目为2n=42。用蓝粒新种质蓝粒与白粒小麦进行正反杂交,其F₁均表现为蓝色,表明蓝粒对白粒为显性,且具有花粉直感现象。然而,当用红粒小麦中国春为母本与其杂交时,杂种粒色为红粒,通过谷蛋白电泳进一步证实了该红粒杂种的真实性。这表明蓝粒在遗传过程中有母本效应。

关键词: 小麦, 野生燕麦, 远缘杂交, 蓝粒种质

Abstract: The wild oat contains some useful genes for wheat genetic improvement．The transfer of genetic mate- rial from oat to common wheat is of important significance for enriching the breeding resource of wheat．In the pa- per，the new blue- seed germplasm from wheat-oat cross was studied，which had 42 chromosomes and could be inher- ited stably．When the blue- seed line was crossed with white- seed genotypes，the reciprocal F₁ hybrids all presented blue seed coat，which indicated that the blue seed was a dominant trait to white seed，and had pollen xenia effect． However，when it was used as male parent to cross with red- seed genotype Chinese-spring，the F₁ hybrid presented the red- seed color，and the realness of hybrid seeds was confirmed by means of glutenin electrophoresis,This result indicated that the maternal effect was involved in the heredity of blue- seed color．

Key words: Wheat, Wild oat, Distant hybridization, Blue- seed germplasm

中图分类号: 

• S512.03