摘要： 对国内首例豌豆雄性不育突变体的不育度、遗传特点及稳定性进行研究。观察发现:在生育前期,不育株 外部形态特征与正常株没有明显差异;现蕾后,剥开花蕾可看到不育株的花药呈淡黄色半透明状,而可育株的花药呈橙黄色。用I₂-KI染色法镜检花粉的可染性,发现不育株的花药内没有花粉粒,败育彻底,为典型的"无花粉型"雄性不育。用不育株作母本,与同品系的正常可育株进行姊妹交,F₁全部可育,F₂可育株与不育株的分离比例为3:1。用不育株作母本,其他品系作父本进行测交,同时用其他品系作母本,姊妹交F₁作父本进行反交,正反交后代的育性表现一致,F₁全部可育,F₂可育株与不育株呈3:1分离。结果表明:该雄性不育突变体的不育性是可遗传的,属单隐性基因控制的核不育类型,与细胞质遗传物质无关。在不同年份、不同季节下,不育性状表现稳定。

关键词: 食荚豌豆, 雄性不育, 遗传, 分离规律

Abstract: A male sterile plant was found in the course of hybridization breeding of podedible pea. With the exception of its anthers being lightly yellow and half-transparent,and completely lack of pollens, its appearance was similar to that of normal fertile plant. In order to study the genetic characteristic and stability of the male sterile mutant this experiment was carried on. Sister cross was done between the male sterile plant and a few fertile plants as male parent from the same strain,its F₁plants all being fertile,and both fertile plants and sterile ones existing in its F₂,the ratio of which was consistent with 3:1.Test cross was made between the male sterile mutant and several plants as male parent from other strains, at the same time reciprocal cross was carried on between some plants as female parent from other strains and F_l plants as male parent from sister cross. As a result, the fertility expression in progenies of test cross was the same as that of reciprocal cross, their F₁ plants all being fertile,and both fertile plants and sterile ones emerging from their F₂,the ratio of which was fit to 3:1.The resuit indicated that the male sterile character was genetic and due to a nuclear recessive gene, and stable in different years and seasons.

Key words: Podedible pea, Male sterility, Heredity, Law of segregation

中图分类号: 

• S643.303.2