摘要： 本文对栽培密度不同的三个春小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种的小孢子和花粉发育进行了细胞学比较研究。结果表明：（1）在花粉母细胞时期。稀植小麦的小孢子发育略快于密植的。即当稀植小麦花粉母细胞开始减数分裂、药壁绒毡层开始解体时。密植小麦花粉母细胞刚形成。药壁完整；（2）到二、四分体时期、稀植小麦花粉母细胞发育加快。当其90%形成二、四分体时，密植小麦花粉母细胞才有50%将分裂成二分体。仅部分形成了二分体；（3）当小孢子发育到单核靠边期。稀植的主穗和分蘖穗发育越来越快。并有分蘖穗赶上主穗的趋势；而密植的分蘖穗发育减慢以至停止。

关键词: 春小麦, 栽培密度, 小孢子, 细胞学

Abstract: The results of cytological study indicated that the different cultivated density of spring wheat exerted different influence on the development of the microspore of spring wheat: (1)Development of the microspore of the low-density wheat was quicker than that of the high-density wheat at the stage of pollen mother cell,i.e.the pollen mother cell of high- density wheat was just formed and the anther wall did not degenerate while the pollen mother cell of the low-density wheat came to meiotic division,and the anther wall tapetum began to degenerate.(2)During the stages of dyad and tetrad,the pollen mother cell of the low-density wheat developed more quickly than that of the high-density wheat.50% pollen mother cells of the high-density wheat did not divide into dyad and tetrad,or only parts of them formed dyad while 90% pollen mother cells of the low-density wheat formed dyad and tetrad.(3)At the late monokaryon stage of microspore the development of the microspore of the low- density wheat indicated that its major spikes and tillering spikes developed more and more quickly and tillering spikes showec a tendency to carch up with the major spikes in development.However,the development of the tillering spikes of the high-density wheat gradually slowed down or even stopped.

Key words: Spring wheat, Cultivated density, Microspore, Cytotogy