摘要： 核不育油用亚麻的开花习性与普通亚麻基本相同.其开花数与开花所需日数与气候条件和植株分枝多少有关,且比可育株为多.亚麻不育株与可育株的开花顺序相似,均自上而下,由里向外交替开放,各分枝的小分枝也是如此.晴朗的高温低湿天气,清晨5—6时开始开花,8时左右花全开,15时左右花才凋谢.而在低温高湿天气,不育株花的开花与凋谢时间推后.核不育亚麻的柱头生活力可以维持3—4天,以开花当天与次日的生活力最强,结实率最高,故配置杂交组合应在开花当天或次日进行,结实效果最好.花粉生活力的强弱,与温度高低也有关,在低温或冷凉条件下保存花粉,寿命最长,高温下保存的则较短.核不育亚麻作异交后,能分离出约占一半的不育株.其异交结实率的高低,将关系到育种工作的成效及杂种优势的利用.

关键词: 核不育, 亚麻, 开花习性, 杂交

Abstract: (1)The flowering habit of the Flax with sterile nucleus is more or less like common Flax. (2) Flowering colour of the Flax is pale purple,seed vessel colour is app-roximately to white,but the flowering colour of fertile Flax is dark purple, seed、essel colour is brown.So we can easily distinguish sterile Flax from fer-tile one.This is very convenient to selection and use. (3) Stigma's viability can remain for 3 to 4 days and flourishing in: to 2 days after flowering.The viability of the pollen stored in refrigerator at 3 to 8 C or in the field can remain respectively for 4 to 6 days and 3 to 4 days. It can prolong for 3 to, days when preserved in the room.It w ould be better if we could pollinate in two days after flowerinng. (4) The seed-producing rate of cross-fertilization of sterile Flax is lower than fertile one,and the seed-producing number per fruit is less also.

Key words: Sterile nucleus, Flax, Flowering habit, Hybridization