灌浆期干旱对谷子生长发育的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌浆期干旱会严重影响谷子植株后期生长发育和籽粒的形态建成、产量和品质。为解析灌浆期干旱对谷子后期生长发育以及籽粒的影响,以及为谷子淀粉调控分子机制对干旱胁迫的响应提供理论研究基础,以晋谷21号为材料,研究了灌浆期干旱胁迫对谷子田间农艺性状和籽粒品质的影响,同时用荧光实时定量PCR分析了淀粉合成途中关键基因SiAGPase1(葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因)和SiSSS1(淀粉合成酶基因)对干旱的响应情况。结果表明,谷子许多农艺性状受灌浆期干旱胁迫的显著影响,包括单株鲜质量、根鲜质量、单穗鲜质量、单穗质量、穗粒质量、千粒质量、主茎直径、穗下节间长度以及叶绿素含量、结实率、穗码密度等性状。品质分析表明,籽粒的峰值黏度、最终黏度以及脂肪、粗蛋白含量在干旱胁迫下会明显下降,胁迫越严重,降低程度越大。基因表达分析表明,SiAGPase1和SiSSS1基因在灌浆期受到干旱胁迫时表达量急剧变化,揭示SiAGPase1和SiSSS1在干旱胁迫下调控植物体内淀粉分解与籽粒中淀粉积累的平衡过程中发挥积极作用以适应植物对干旱胁迫响应。

关键词: 谷子, 灌浆, 干旱, 淀粉合成

Abstract:

Drought during the grain filling period can seriously affect the later growth and development of foxtail millet plants,as well as the morphogenesis,yield,and quality of grains.To analyze the effects of drought during the grain filling period on the later growth and development of foxtail millet,as well as the morphogenesis of grains,and to provide a theoretical research basis for the molecular mechanism of foxtail millet starch regulation in response to drought stress,it investigated the effects of different degrees of drought during the grain filling period on the agronomic and grain quality traits of foxtail millet using Jingu 21 as the material.Simultaneously,Real-time Quantitative PCR was used to analyze the response of key genes SiAGPase1(Glucose pyrophosphorylase)and SiSSS1(Starch synthase)to drought during starch synthesis.The results showed that drought had significant effects on fresh weight per plant,fresh weight per root,fresh weight per panicle,panicle weight,grain weight per spike,grain weight per thousand grains,main stem diameter,subpanicle internode length,chlorophyll content,seed setting rate,spike code density and other agronomic characters.The more severe the stress,the greater the degree of reduction.The analysis of grain composition showed that drought can reduce the content of fat,crude protein,peak viscosity and final viscosity.The more severe the stress,the greater the reduction degree.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression levels of SiAGPase1 and SiSSS1 changed sharply during the grain filling period under drought stress.The results revealed that SiAGPase1 and SiSSS1 played an active role in regulating the balance between starch decomposition and starch accumulation in grains under drought stress in order to adapt to plant response to drought stress.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Filling, Drought, Starch synthesis

中图分类号:

S515粟(谷子、小米)

赵晋锋, 余爱丽, 杜艳伟, 王高鸿, 张鹏. 灌浆期干旱对谷子生长发育的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 98-103. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195060.

ZHAO Jinfeng, YU Aili, DU Yanwei, WANG Gaohong, ZHANG Peng. Effects of Drought on Development and Growth of Foxtail Millet During the Filling Period[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 98-103. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195060.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/98

图/表 6

参考文献 20

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处理 Treatment	主茎高/cm Stem length	主茎直径/mm Stem diameter	穗下节间长度/cm Internode length under ear	旗叶长度/cm Flag leaf length	旗叶宽度/cm Flag leaf width	单株鲜质量/g Fresh weight per plant	单株根鲜质量/g Fresh weight of individual roots	单穗鲜质量/g Fresh weight per spike
CK	134.37±3.11a	9.10±1.24a	30.61±1.24a	34.81±2.91a	3.63±1.28a	126.60±3.42a	12.48±3.42a	32.25±3.42a
D1	132.11±2.23a	8.42±1.35b	25.92±3.97b	36.72±1.84a	3.74±2.21a	107.95±2.96b	11.01±2.38ab	24.82±2.06b
D2	135.53±4.67a	8.53±0.68b	26.34±1.35b	35.24±2.32a	3.62±2.97a	85.28±3.65c	8.68±1.86b	17.88±1.58c
D3	133.48±2.67a	8.22±1.19b	27.62±2.34b	34.18±3.41a	3.54±2.82a	59.09±3.46d	6.19±1.25c	9.93±2.32d

处理 Treatment	主茎高/cm Stem length	主茎直径/mm Stem diameter	穗下节间长度/cm Internode length under ear	旗叶长度/cm Flag leaf length	旗叶宽度/cm Flag leaf width	单株鲜质量/g Fresh weight per plant	单株根鲜质量/g Fresh weight of individual roots	单穗鲜质量/g Fresh weight per spike
CK	134.37±3.11a	9.10±1.24a	30.61±1.24a	34.81±2.91a	3.63±1.28a	126.60±3.42a	12.48±3.42a	32.25±3.42a
D1	132.11±2.23a	8.42±1.35b	25.92±3.97b	36.72±1.84a	3.74±2.21a	107.95±2.96b	11.01±2.38ab	24.82±2.06b
D2	135.53±4.67a	8.53±0.68b	26.34±1.35b	35.24±2.32a	3.62±2.97a	85.28±3.65c	8.68±1.86b	17.88±1.58c
D3	133.48±2.67a	8.22±1.19b	27.62±2.34b	34.18±3.41a	3.54±2.82a	59.09±3.46d	6.19±1.25c	9.93±2.32d

处理 Treatment	穗长度/cm Spike length	穗粗/cm Spike diameter	穗码密度/(个/cm) Code density spike	结实率/% Seed setting rate	单穗质量/g Single spike weight	穗粒质量/g Grain weight per ear	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight
CK	21.72±0.21a	2.16±0.18a	6.6±0.62a	79.32±6.45a	25.16±3.22a	20.13±0.48a	3.12±0.09a
D1	20.43±1.58a	2.04±0.25ab	7.0±0.85ab	68.47±5.31b	18.62±2.18b	13.25±0.94b	2.78±0.12b
D2	20.31±0.94a	1.96±0.65b	7.6±0.93b	45.31±7.65c	10.33±1.36c	7.02±0.38c	2.34±0.21c
D3	21.09±1.86a	1.94±0.24b	9.1±0.53c	28.61±3.46d	7.15±3.27d	4.32±0.49d	1.86±0.42d

处理 Treatment	穗长度/cm Spike length	穗粗/cm Spike diameter	穗码密度/(个/cm) Code density spike	结实率/% Seed setting rate	单穗质量/g Single spike weight	穗粒质量/g Grain weight per ear	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight
CK	21.72±0.21a	2.16±0.18a	6.6±0.62a	79.32±6.45a	25.16±3.22a	20.13±0.48a	3.12±0.09a
D1	20.43±1.58a	2.04±0.25ab	7.0±0.85ab	68.47±5.31b	18.62±2.18b	13.25±0.94b	2.78±0.12b
D2	20.31±0.94a	1.96±0.65b	7.6±0.93b	45.31±7.65c	10.33±1.36c	7.02±0.38c	2.34±0.21c
D3	21.09±1.86a	1.94±0.24b	9.1±0.53c	28.61±3.46d	7.15±3.27d	4.32±0.49d	1.86±0.42d

处理 Treatment	峰值黏度/ cP Peak viscosity	最终黏度/cP Final viscosity	峰值时间/ min Peak time	糊化温度/℃ Pasting temperature	直链淀粉含量/% Amylose content	胶稠度/ mm Gel consistency	脂肪含量/ % Fat content	粗蛋白含量/% Crude protein content
CK	1 532.00±14.64a	1 114.25±12.38a	5.80±0.03a	81.45±0.45a	19.83±0.45a	129.00±10.32ab	2.89±0.21a	14.62±2.36b
D1	1 365.25±5.84b	1 065.50±10.36b	5.78±0.04a	79.80±0.09a	20.01±0.97a	134.00±14.26a	2.82±0.34a	13.78±3.47ab
D2	1 249.50±12.35c	1 031.75±16.43b	5.73±0.06a	79.85±0.31a	16.49±1.23b	125.00±9.65b	2.43±0.16b	12.72±0.82b
D3	1 064.00±6.35d	757.00±12.31c	5.83±0.07a	78.65±0.29a	18.97±1.24ab	127.00±12.64ab	2.36±0.59b	12.65±2.39b

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