稻田沟渠底泥的氮磷蓄积和微生物群落特征分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195800

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确沟渠底泥的氮磷蓄积和微生物群落特征,选择典型稻油轮作模式,于枯水季分别采集沟渠(硬化沟、非硬化沟)底泥样品进行理化性质和细菌群落特征分析,并与稻田土壤进行比较。结果表明:硬化沟底泥的总氮(245.40 mg/kg)、有效磷(25.03 mg/kg)、pH值(7.22)和电导率(586.28 μS/cm)显著高于非硬化沟和田。非硬化沟底泥与稻田土壤的细菌群落结构相似度较高,而硬化沟底泥细菌群落α-多样性显著低于非硬化沟和田。沟渠底泥的优势细菌门种类与稻田土壤的相似,但硬化沟底泥变形菌门、蓝藻菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度显著高于田和非硬化沟;属水平上,硬化沟底泥norank_f_steroidobacteraceae的相对丰度显著高于田和非硬化沟。硬化沟底泥化能异养类、固氮类功能类群丰度显著低于非硬化沟和田,而人类病原菌、动物寄生虫或共生体功能类群相对丰度却高于非硬化沟和田。pH和${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$-N是细菌群落组成结构的主要影响因素。研究表明:硬化沟底泥具有较高的氮磷负荷,细菌群落结构、功能特性与非硬化沟有较大差异,细菌群落的丰富度和均匀度较低,并有一定的健康风险,在农业面源污染防控中应予以重点关注。

关键词: 稻田, 农业面源污染, 沟渠底泥, 养分负荷, 细菌群落

Abstract:

To investigate nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation and microbial community characteristics in ditch sediments, this study assessed a typical rice-rape rotation system. Sediment samples were collected from the ditches (concrete ditches and non-concrete ditches) during the dry season to analyze physicochemical properties and bacterial communities, in comparison to field soils.The results showed that the concentrations of total nitrogen(245.40 mg/kg),available phosphorus(25.03 mg/kg),pH(7.22)and electrical conductivity(586.28 μS/cm)in the sediments of concrete ditches were significantly higher than those in non-concrete ditches and field.The bacterial community structure in the sediment of non-concrete ditches was highly similar to that in the paddy field soil,while the α-diversity of bacteria in the sediment of concrete ditches was significantly lower than that in non-concrete ditches and paddy field.The dominant bacterial groups defined at the phylum level were similar in the ditch sediments and the paddy field soil,but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes in the sediment of concrete ditches was significantly higher than that in non-concrete ditches and paddy field.At the genus level,the sediment of concrete ditches had a higher abundance of norank_f_steroidobacteraceae compared to non-concrete ditches and paddy field.The sediment of concrete ditches had a lower abundance of functional groups of chemoheterotrophy and nitrogen fixation,but with a higher abundance of human pathogens and animal parasites or symbionts.The bacterial community composition and structure were primarily influenced by pH and nitrate nitrogen.These findings indicated that the sediment of concrete ditches had higher nitrogen and phosphorus contents,significant differences in bacterial community structure and function with lower bacterial richness and evenness.The concrete ditch,potentially acting as a source of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants and posing certain health risks,should be given greater emphasis in the management of agricultural non-point source pollution.

Key words: Paddy field, Agricultural non-point source pollution, Ditch sediment, Nutrition load, Bacterial community

中图分类号:

S155.292

葛永英, 郑瑞伦, 王培欣, 张李香, 王庆海. 稻田沟渠底泥的氮磷蓄积和微生物群落特征分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 221-228. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195800.

GE Yongying, ZHENG Ruilun, WANG Peixin, ZHANG Lixiang, WANG Qinghai. The Physicochemical Property and Microbial Community Composition of Ditch Sediments in Paddy Field System[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 221-228. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195800.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/221

图/表 6

表1 稻田土壤和沟渠底泥基本理化性质

Tab.1 Basic physicochemical properties of paddy topsoil and ditch sediments

样地 Sample plot	pH	电导率/ (μS/cm) EC	有机碳/ (g/kg) OC	总氮/ (mg/kg) Total N	硝态氮/ (mg/kg) ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}}_{3}^{-}$-N	铵态氮/ (mg/kg) ${\mathrm{N}\mathrm{H}}_{4}^{+}$-N	有效磷/ (mg/kg) Available P	速效钾/ (mg/kg) Available K
田Field	6.55±0.14b	257.72±42.12b	16.73±2.38b	124.60±19.36b	55.64±14.50a	14.01±4.48b	7.06±3.49b	371.16±78.07a
硬化沟Concrete ditch	7.22±0.14a	586.28±187.37a	31.30±6.57a	245.40±63.09a	0.87±0.33c	51.41±5.60a	25.03±5.26a	427.43±73.55a
非硬化沟Non-concrete ditch	6.59±0.12b	165.74±19.15b	11.72±2.28b	85.80±18.43b	29.79±13.57b	8.00±1.76c	2.48±2.68b	275.25±24.55b

图1 细菌OTU韦恩图(A)和细菌主坐标分析(B)

Fig.1 Venn diagram of bacterial OTU(A)and PCoA of bacteria at OTU level(B)

图2 细菌群落α多样性

Fig.2 Alpha diversity of bacteria

图3 细菌群落在门和属水平上的组成相对丰度前10的门:A.变形菌门;B.绿弯菌门;C.放线菌门;D.酸杆菌门;E.厚壁菌门;F.拟杆菌门;G.蓝藻菌门;H.脱硫杆菌门;I.粘球菌门;J.疣微菌门。相对丰度前15的属:A.鞘氨醇单胞菌属;B.Norank_f_Anaerolineaceae;C.间孢囊菌属;D.norank_f_steroidobacteraceae;E.norank_f_norank_o_vicinamibacterales;F.norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-94;G.Norank_f_norank_o_SBR1031;H.节杆菌属;I.norank_f_SC_I_84;J.norank_f_norank_o_RBG-13-54-9;K.Norank_f_sutterellaceae;L.硫杆菌属;M.norank_f_norank_o_Gaiellales;N.norank_f_norank_o_Subgroup-7;O.norank_f_vicinamibacteraceae。

Fig.3 Composition of bacterial community at the phylum and genus levels Top 10 bacterial phyla based on the relative abundance:A.Proteobacteria;B.Chloroflexi;C.Actinobacteriota;D.Acidobacteriota;E.Firmicutes;F.Bacteroidota;G.Cyanobacteria;H.Desulfobacterota;I.Myxococcota;J.Verrucomicrobiota.Top 15 bacterial genera based on the relative abundance:A.Sphingomonas;B.Norank_f_Anaerolineaceae;C.Intrasporangium;D.norank_f_steroidobacteraceae;E.norank_f_norank_o_vicinamibacterales;F.norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_KD4-94;G.Norank_f_norank_o_SBR1031;H.Arthrobacter;I.norank_f_SC_I_84;J.norank_f_norank_o_RBG-13-54-9;K.Norank_f_sutterellaceae;L.Thiobacillus;M.norank_f_norank_o_Gaiellales;N.norank_f_norank_o_Subgroup-7;O.norank_f_vicinamibacteraceae.

图4 理化指标与细菌群落在OTU水平上的相关性分析:Mantel(A),RDA(B)

Fig.4 Relationship between environmental factors and the microbial community at the OTU level based on Mantel(A)and RDA(B)

图5 细菌FAPROTAX功能预测

Fig.5 FAPROTAX functional annotation of the bacterial community

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