谷子重组自交系群体株型和产量性状分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

理想株型可以显著提高作物产量,但谷子中株型性状与产量性状之间的关系还不清楚。旨为谷子株型育种提供理论基础和种质资源,以矮宁黄×晋谷21号杂交自交构建的126个F₆重组自杂交系(RIL)群体为材料,在长治、榆次和大同3个生态环境条件下,对10个株型性状(株高、主茎长度、穗长、穗下节长、穗粗、分蘖数、节数、旗叶长、旗叶宽和旗叶面积)和3个产量性状(穗质量、穗粒质量和千粒质量)进行表型鉴定,基于最佳线性无偏估计(BLUE)进行相关性分析、偏相关分析、主成分分析、逐步回归分析和聚类分析。表型变异分析结果表明,双亲的株高和主茎长度在3个生态环境下均呈极显著差异,穗下节长和节数在2个生态环境下呈显著或极显著差异,穗长、穗粗、穗质量、穗粒质量和分蘖数在单一生态环境下呈显著或极显著差异。RIL群体中,株型和产量性状变异丰富,频率分布近似正态分布,13个性状的变异系数为6.86%~31.71%,除榆次的主茎长度外,其他性状在各生态环境下均存在双向超亲分离现象。相关性分析和偏相关性分析结果发现,穗质量、穗粒质量与株高、主茎长度、穗长、穗下节长和节数呈极显著正相关,而与分蘖数呈极显著负相关,穗质量与旗叶长呈显著正相关。主成分分析将13个性状简化为4个主成分,累计贡献率可达93.938%。多元回归分析结果显示,拟合度R²为0.614,主茎长度、穗长、分蘖数是影响穗质量的主要因素。聚类分析将RIL群体划分为7类,其中第Ⅴ类群包括3份材料,产量最高,株高中等,综合性状好,可作为今后谷子株型育种的骨干亲本。

关键词: 谷子, 重组自交系组自交系, 株型, 产量性状, 相关分析, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

Ideal plant architecture can significantly improve crop yield,but the relationship between plant architecture traits and yield traits is still unclear in foxtail millet.To provide a theoretical basis and germplasm resource for plant architecture breeding in foxtail millet,10 plant architectures traits(plant height,main stem length,panicle length,panicle neck length,panicle diameter,tiller number,node number,length of flag leaf,width of flag leaf and area of flag leaf)and 3 yield traits(panicle weight,panicle grain weight and 1000-grain weight)were analyzed via 126 F₆ recombinant inbred lines(RIL)from a F₁arrived from a cross between Aininghuang and Jingu 21 under three ecological environment consisting of Changzhi,Yuci and Datong.Based on the best linear unbiased estimation(BLUE),variance analysis,correlation analysis,partial correlation analysis,principal component analysis,multiple regression analysis and cluster analysis were conducted.The phenotype variation analysis showed there were an extremely significant difference between plant height and main stem length in three ecological environments,a significantly or extremely significant difference between panicle neck length and node number in two ecological environments,and the significant or extremely significant differences among panicle length,panicle diameter,panicle weight,panicle grain weight and tiller number in single ecological environment.In RIL population, an abundant variation was observed for 13 traits with the approximately normal frequency distribution,and the variation coefficients ranged from 6.86% to 31.71%.Except for the main stem length in Yuci, other traits showed a transgressive separation in three ecological environments.Correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis indicated that panicle weight and panicle grain weight were extremely significant positive correlated with plant height,main stem length,panicle length,panicle neck length and node number,while they were extremely significant negative correlated with tiller number,panicle weight was significantly positive correlated with flag leaf length.Principal component analysis simplified 13 traits into 4 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate was up to 93.938%.The fitting degree R² of multiple regression analysis was 0.614, and main stem length,panicle length and tiller number were the main factors affecting panicle weight.The RIL population was divided into 7 groups via cluster analysis,among which Group Ⅴ consisted of 3 materials with the highest yield, medium plant height and good comprehensive traits,which could be used as elite parents for ideal plant architecture breeding.

Key words: Foxtail millet, Recombination inbred line, Plant architecture, Yield traits, Correlation analysis, Principal component analysis, Cluster analysis

何妙玲, 王智兰, 杜晓芬, 韩康妮, 连世超, 李禹欣, 成锴, 李颜方, 王军. 谷子重组自交系群体株型和产量性状分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(4): 91-100. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194036.

HE Miaoling, WANG Zhilan, DU Xiaofen, HAN Kangni, LIAN Shichao, LI Yuxin, CHENG Kai, LI Yanfang, WANG Jun. Analysis of Plant Architecture and Yield Traits of Recombination Inbred Lines in Foxtail Millet[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(4): 91-100. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194036.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/I4/91

图/表 8

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性状 Trait	环境 Environment	亲本 Parent			重组自交系群体 RIL
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	矮宁黄 Aininghuang	晋谷21 Jingu 21	F值	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
株高/cm	E1	157.87	194.43	12.55^*	195.95	112.28	156.62	20.59	13.15	-0.51	-0.62
Plant height	E2	108.79	179.63	4.55^**	179.77	114.81	148.13	15.09	10.19	-0.06	-0.63
	E3	99.15	180.81	0.29^**	194.36	108.59	154.11	17.97	11.66	-0.61	-0.05
主茎长度/cm	E1	138.78	174.32	14.74^**	175.51	92.20	136.46	19.88	14.57	-0.55	-0.51
Main stem length	E2	85.62	156.20	4.62^**	153.50	89.80	123.93	15.01	12.11	-0.13	-0.53
	E3	83.66	159.49	13.21^**	171.60	89.60	133.43	17.25	12.92	-0.63	0.11
穗长/cm	E1	19.08	20.10	4.00	25.47	14.55	20.16	2.15	10.67	-0.25	0.06
Panicle length	E2	23.17	23.44	0.20	30.38	19.62	24.20	1.94	8.01	0.02	0.07
	E3	15.49	21.32	0.01^*	25.53	16.24	20.85	2.13	10.22	-0.03	-0.59
穗下节长/cm	E1	23.86	30.10	0.13^*	36.63	17.59	24.16	3.82	15.79	0.59	0.44
Panicle neck length	E2	24.34	28.62	1.27	36.32	16.46	27.16	3.23	11.88	-0.16	1.17
	E3	11.79	27.49	1.06^**	31.95	15.60	22.68	3.40	15.00	-0.03	-0.32
穗粗/cm	E1	2.78	3.49	0.97^*	4.97	2.28	3.10	0.37	11.99	1.39	5.34
Panicle diameter	E2	3.43	12.85	3.84	4.70	2.53	3.46	0.37	10.75	0.35	0.55
	E3	2.05	3.59	0.59	4.13	2.47	3.19	0.33	10.19	0.10	-0.11
分蘖数	E1	2.78	1.00	16.00^**	3.30	1.00	1.97	0.56	28.52	0.22	-0.63
Tiller number	E2	1.82	1.20	0.03	2.60	1.00	1.31	0.34	25.86	1.50	2.39
	E3	3.13	1.10	4.99	3.10	1.00	1.87	0.56	29.89	0.48	-0.71
节数	E1	13.09	14.29	8.99^*	16.30	10.70	12.79	1.01	7.89	0.49	0.66
Node number	E2	10.47	12.71	3.17^*	13.60	7.40	11.08	0.97	8.75	-0.37	1.13
	E3	12.80	14.30	0.54	16.10	11.80	13.68	0.94	6.86	0.13	-0.34
穗质量/g	E1	20.95	34.92	1.36^*	34.02	10.55	22.12	5.70	25.76	-0.25	-0.73
Panicle weight	E2	21.75	26.34	4.69	32.23	15.89	24.18	3.29	13.60	-0.10	0.32
	E3	10.08	27.10	—	30.81	7.05	17.96	5.02	27.96	0.19	-0.23
穗粒质量/g	E1	16.18	26.68	34.66^*	27.16	6.76	17.27	4.89	28.31	-0.23	-0.68
Panicle grain weight	E2	17.80	21.92	6.27	27.92	11.50	19.74	3.13	15.87	-0.07	0.26
	E3	7.71	22.88	—	26.81	4.93	14.26	4.52	31.71	0.27	-0.19
千粒质量/g	E1	2.89	3.48	—	3.61	2.33	2.88	0.22	7.51	0.38	0.70
1000-grain weight	E2	2.51	3.22	—	3.25	2.12	2.70	0.20	7.52	-0.13	-0.01
	E3	2.47	2.97	—	3.26	1.98	2.68	0.25	9.17	-0.30	-0.03
旗叶长/mm	E1	171.24	170.66	1.05	208.38	117.81	155.46	18.00	11.58	0.64	0.67
Length of flag leaf	E2	190.15	183.84	0.40	229.90	147.38	190.23	18.25	9.59	-0.08	-0.46
	E3	171.63	182.78	2.83	257.34	117.59	204.28	25.94	12.70	-0.20	0.54
旗叶宽/mm	E1	33.01	37.54	0.07	42.51	28.70	35.77	2.66	7.47	0.20	0.03
Width of flag leaf	E2	50.96	39.03	10.60	50.81	32.18	38.40	3.13	8.15	0.90	2.52
	E3	33.27	38.76	3.26	72.65	30.00	43.07	12.33	28.63	1.15	-0.22
叶面积/mm²	E1	4 210.27	4 896.50	0.19	5 751.19	3 012.51	4 150.66	563.72	13.58	0.18	-0.29
Area of flag leaf	E2	5 278.22	5 295.19	1.17	6 733.99	3 562.12	5 281.20	653.68	12.38	-0.13	-0.41
	E3	4 314.50	5 470.93	8.83	8 914.47	3 138.68	5 424.98	1 009.13	18.60	0.45	0.53

性状 Trait	环境 Environment	亲本 Parent			重组自交系群体 RIL
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	矮宁黄 Aininghuang	晋谷21 Jingu 21	F值	最大值 Max	最小值 Min	均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数/% CV	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
株高/cm	E1	157.87	194.43	12.55^*	195.95	112.28	156.62	20.59	13.15	-0.51	-0.62
Plant height	E2	108.79	179.63	4.55^**	179.77	114.81	148.13	15.09	10.19	-0.06	-0.63
	E3	99.15	180.81	0.29^**	194.36	108.59	154.11	17.97	11.66	-0.61	-0.05
主茎长度/cm	E1	138.78	174.32	14.74^**	175.51	92.20	136.46	19.88	14.57	-0.55	-0.51
Main stem length	E2	85.62	156.20	4.62^**	153.50	89.80	123.93	15.01	12.11	-0.13	-0.53
	E3	83.66	159.49	13.21^**	171.60	89.60	133.43	17.25	12.92	-0.63	0.11
穗长/cm	E1	19.08	20.10	4.00	25.47	14.55	20.16	2.15	10.67	-0.25	0.06
Panicle length	E2	23.17	23.44	0.20	30.38	19.62	24.20	1.94	8.01	0.02	0.07
	E3	15.49	21.32	0.01^*	25.53	16.24	20.85	2.13	10.22	-0.03	-0.59
穗下节长/cm	E1	23.86	30.10	0.13^*	36.63	17.59	24.16	3.82	15.79	0.59	0.44
Panicle neck length	E2	24.34	28.62	1.27	36.32	16.46	27.16	3.23	11.88	-0.16	1.17
	E3	11.79	27.49	1.06^**	31.95	15.60	22.68	3.40	15.00	-0.03	-0.32
穗粗/cm	E1	2.78	3.49	0.97^*	4.97	2.28	3.10	0.37	11.99	1.39	5.34
Panicle diameter	E2	3.43	12.85	3.84	4.70	2.53	3.46	0.37	10.75	0.35	0.55
	E3	2.05	3.59	0.59	4.13	2.47	3.19	0.33	10.19	0.10	-0.11
分蘖数	E1	2.78	1.00	16.00^**	3.30	1.00	1.97	0.56	28.52	0.22	-0.63
Tiller number	E2	1.82	1.20	0.03	2.60	1.00	1.31	0.34	25.86	1.50	2.39
	E3	3.13	1.10	4.99	3.10	1.00	1.87	0.56	29.89	0.48	-0.71
节数	E1	13.09	14.29	8.99^*	16.30	10.70	12.79	1.01	7.89	0.49	0.66
Node number	E2	10.47	12.71	3.17^*	13.60	7.40	11.08	0.97	8.75	-0.37	1.13
	E3	12.80	14.30	0.54	16.10	11.80	13.68	0.94	6.86	0.13	-0.34
穗质量/g	E1	20.95	34.92	1.36^*	34.02	10.55	22.12	5.70	25.76	-0.25	-0.73
Panicle weight	E2	21.75	26.34	4.69	32.23	15.89	24.18	3.29	13.60	-0.10	0.32
	E3	10.08	27.10	—	30.81	7.05	17.96	5.02	27.96	0.19	-0.23
穗粒质量/g	E1	16.18	26.68	34.66^*	27.16	6.76	17.27	4.89	28.31	-0.23	-0.68
Panicle grain weight	E2	17.80	21.92	6.27	27.92	11.50	19.74	3.13	15.87	-0.07	0.26
	E3	7.71	22.88	—	26.81	4.93	14.26	4.52	31.71	0.27	-0.19
千粒质量/g	E1	2.89	3.48	—	3.61	2.33	2.88	0.22	7.51	0.38	0.70
1000-grain weight	E2	2.51	3.22	—	3.25	2.12	2.70	0.20	7.52	-0.13	-0.01
	E3	2.47	2.97	—	3.26	1.98	2.68	0.25	9.17	-0.30	-0.03
旗叶长/mm	E1	171.24	170.66	1.05	208.38	117.81	155.46	18.00	11.58	0.64	0.67
Length of flag leaf	E2	190.15	183.84	0.40	229.90	147.38	190.23	18.25	9.59	-0.08	-0.46
	E3	171.63	182.78	2.83	257.34	117.59	204.28	25.94	12.70	-0.20	0.54
旗叶宽/mm	E1	33.01	37.54	0.07	42.51	28.70	35.77	2.66	7.47	0.20	0.03
Width of flag leaf	E2	50.96	39.03	10.60	50.81	32.18	38.40	3.13	8.15	0.90	2.52
	E3	33.27	38.76	3.26	72.65	30.00	43.07	12.33	28.63	1.15	-0.22
叶面积/mm²	E1	4 210.27	4 896.50	0.19	5 751.19	3 012.51	4 150.66	563.72	13.58	0.18	-0.29
Area of flag leaf	E2	5 278.22	5 295.19	1.17	6 733.99	3 562.12	5 281.20	653.68	12.38	-0.13	-0.41
	E3	4 314.50	5 470.93	8.83	8 914.47	3 138.68	5 424.98	1 009.13	18.60	0.45	0.53

性状 Traits	株高 Plant height	主茎长度 Main stem length	穗长 Panicle length	穗下节长 Panicle neck length	穗粗 Panicle diameter	分蘖数 Tiller number	节数 Node number	穗质量 Panicle weight	穗粒质量 Panicle grain weight	千粒质量 1000- grain weight	旗叶长 Length of flag leaf	旗叶宽 Width of flag leaf
主茎长度Main stem length	0.995^**
穗长Panicle length	0.302^**	0.202^*
穗下节长Panicle neck length	0.539^**	0.541^**	0.120
穗粗Panicle diameter	0.508^**	0.479^**	0.391^**	0.094
分蘖数Tiller number	-0.608^**	-0.602^**	-0.211^*	-0.275^**	-0.429^**
节数Node number	0.643^**	0.644^**	0.161	-0.076	0.465^**	-0.442^**
穗质量Panicle weight	0.704^**	0.684^**	0.361^**	0.269^**	0.522^**	-0.669^**	0.518^**
穗粒质量Panicle grain weight	0.678^**	0.663^**	0.309^**	0.287^**	0.489^**	-0.643^**	0.472^**	0.986^**
千粒质量1000-grain weight	0.023	0.019	0.047	0.085	0.049	-0.020	-0.089	0.079	0.108
旗叶长Length of flag leaf	0.194^*	0.161	0.358^**	0.057	0.208^*	-0.102	0.090	0.183^*	0.150	-0.152
旗叶宽Width of flag leaf	-0.094	-0.103	0.057	0.040	0.103	0.039	-0.122	0.070	0.085	0.123	0.158
叶面积Area of flag leaf	0.096	0.052	0.432^**	-0.044	0.253^**	0.007	0.120	0.167	0.121	-0.118	0.811^**	0.267^**

性状 Traits	株高 Plant height	主茎长度 Main stem length	穗长 Panicle length	穗下节长 Panicle neck length	穗粗 Panicle diameter	分蘖数 Tiller number	节数 Node number	穗质量 Panicle weight	穗粒质量 Panicle grain weight	千粒质量 1000- grain weight	旗叶长 Length of flag leaf	旗叶宽 Width of flag leaf
主茎长度Main stem length	0.995^**
穗长Panicle length	0.302^**	0.202^*
穗下节长Panicle neck length	0.539^**	0.541^**	0.120
穗粗Panicle diameter	0.508^**	0.479^**	0.391^**	0.094
分蘖数Tiller number	-0.608^**	-0.602^**	-0.211^*	-0.275^**	-0.429^**
节数Node number	0.643^**	0.644^**	0.161	-0.076	0.465^**	-0.442^**
穗质量Panicle weight	0.704^**	0.684^**	0.361^**	0.269^**	0.522^**	-0.669^**	0.518^**
穗粒质量Panicle grain weight	0.678^**	0.663^**	0.309^**	0.287^**	0.489^**	-0.643^**	0.472^**	0.986^**
千粒质量1000-grain weight	0.023	0.019	0.047	0.085	0.049	-0.020	-0.089	0.079	0.108
旗叶长Length of flag leaf	0.194^*	0.161	0.358^**	0.057	0.208^*	-0.102	0.090	0.183^*	0.150	-0.152
旗叶宽Width of flag leaf	-0.094	-0.103	0.057	0.040	0.103	0.039	-0.122	0.070	0.085	0.123	0.158
叶面积Area of flag leaf	0.096	0.052	0.432^**	-0.044	0.253^**	0.007	0.120	0.167	0.121	-0.118	0.811^**	0.267^**

性状 Traits	株高 Plant height	主茎长度 Main stem length	穗长 Panicle length	穗下节长 Panicle neck length	穗粗 Panicle diameter	分蘖数 Tiller number	节数 Node number	穗质量 Panicle weight	穗粒质量 Panicle grain weight	千粒质量 1000-grain weight	旗叶长 Length of flag leaf	旗叶宽 Width of flag leaf
主茎长度Main stem length	0.995^**
穗长Panicle length	0.315^**	0.215^*
穗下节长Panicle neck length	0.539^**	0.541^**	0.123
穗粗Panicle diameter	0.503^**	0.474^**	0.407^**	0.092
分蘖数Tiller number	-0.611^**	-0.606^**	-0.212^*	-0.275^**	-0.431^**
节数Node number	0.640^**	0.640^**	0.172	-0.079	0.460^**	-0.444^**
穗质量Panicle weight	0.707^**	0.688^**	0.362^**	0.270^**	0.525^**	-0.669^**	0.520^**
穗粒质量Panicle grain weight	0.683^**	0.669^**	0.309^**	0.287^**	0.494^**	-0.643^**	0.476^**	0.986^**
千粒质量1000-grain weight	0.025	0.021	0.045	0.085	0.051	-0.020	-0.088	0.079	0.108
旗叶长Length of flag leaf	0.196^*	0.163	0.359^**	0.057	0.210^*	-0.102	0.091	0.183^*	0.150	-0.152
旗叶宽Width of flag leaf	-0.124	-0.138	0.090	0.035	0.078	0.040	-0.152	0.073	0.093	0.133	0.166
叶面积Area of flag leaf	0.104	0.061	0.427^**	-0.042	0.264^**	0.007	0.128	0.168	0.120	-0.119	0.813^**	0.301^**

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