摘要： 为探明长期不同施肥下褐土锌形态变化规律及对有效锌的影响，以山西褐土为研究对象，通过对连续27 a的长期肥料定位试验中9个处理土壤样品进行分级测定，研究不同施肥条件下土壤有效锌的变化过程、不同形态锌的时空变化规律，并分析不同形态锌与有效锌的关系。结果表明，除N₂P₂处理外，其他施用无机肥处理土壤有效锌含量较试验初无显著变化，连续施肥27 a后，土壤有效锌含量为0.72～0.84 mg/kg；施用有机肥后显著增加了土壤有效锌含量（P<0.05），N₂P₁M₁、N₃P₂M₃、N₄P₂M₂处理土壤有效锌含量年增加速率分别为0.057，0.151，0.074 mg/（kg·a）；高量使用有机肥M₆处理，土壤有效锌达到7.37 mg/kg，远远超过了我国土壤养分等级分级标准限定。相关性分析和通径分析均表明，土壤中可还原态锌是褐土有效锌的主要来源，水溶性锌、弱酸溶态锌与有效锌之间的显著正相关是间接效应造成的。因此，有针对性地促进锌素向水溶态锌、弱酸溶态锌和可还原态锌转化，可以提高土壤中有效锌的含量，促进锌素的高效利用。

关键词: 褐土, 有效锌, 锌形态, 分级测定, 相关性分析, 通径分析

Abstract: In order to investigate the variation of Zn speciation in cinnamon soil under different long-term fertilization and its effect on available Zn, the cinnamon soil in Shanxi Province was taken as the research object. The change process of soil available Zn and the temporal and spatial variation of different forms of Zn under different fertilization conditions were studied by classifying and measuring 9 soil samples in a continuous 27-year long-term fertilizer localization experiment. The relationship between different forms of Zn and available Zn was analyzed. The results showed that, except N₂P₂, the soil available Zn content had no significant change compared with the beginning of the experiment. After 27 years of continuous fertilization, the soil available Zn content ranged from 0.72 to 0.84 mg/kg.The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the soil available Zn content (P<0.05), and the annual increase rates of soil available Zn content in N₂P₁M₁, N₃P₂M₃ and N₄P₂M₂ treatments were 0.057, 0.151,0.074 mg/(kg·a), respectively.The soil available Zn reached 7.37 mg/kg with high amount of organic fertilizer M₆ treatment, far exceeding the soil nutrient grading standard in China.Correlation analysis and path analysis showed that the reducible Zn in soil was the main source of available Zn in cinnamon soil, and the significant positive correlation between water-soluble Zn, weakly acid soluble Zn and available Zn was caused by indirect effect.Therefore, promoting the conversion of Zn to water-soluble Zn, weakly acid soluble Zn and reducible Zn can increase the content of available Zn in soil and promote the efficient utilization of Zn.

Key words: Cinnamon soil, Available Zn, Zn form, Grading determination, Correlation analysis, Path analysis

中图分类号: 

• S155.2+3

• S143.6