摘要： 为了探讨棉秆炭施用方式对干旱区灰漠土棉田产生的影响。通过大田试验随机区组设计，解析棉秆炭施用方式（每年施棉秆炭NPKC、常氮+1.5棉秆炭NPKBc1.5、低氮+1.5棉秆炭N低PKBc1.5、常氮+3.0棉秆炭NPKBc3.0、低氮+3.0棉秆炭N_低PKBc3.0）对灰漠土棉花形态及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，NPKBc1.5棉花单株叶面积显著增加，花蕾花铃数提高45.67%。分别增加施氮量和棉秆炭的效果不同，单独有限度增加棉秆炭22.5 t/hm²，单株叶面积显著增加24.27%；增加施氮量，单株叶面积增加不显著。正常施氮，棉秆炭从22.5 t/hm²增加到45.0 t/hm²，根冠比增加13.3%，叶面积减小11.84%；减少施氮量但增加棉秆炭施用量，花蕾花铃数显著增加（P<0.05），土壤结构和理化性质得到改善，相较CK，施用45.0 t/hm²棉秆炭，土壤pH值降到7.09，降低1.16%；分别在N_低PKBc1.5和NPKBc1.5基础上各增加1倍的棉秆炭，自然含水量分别增加1.7，0.3百分点，田间持水量分别增加3.5，2.4百分点，饱和含水量分别增加6.2，1.6百分点；施入≥45.0 t/hm²棉秆炭，土壤有机碳含量达到试验最大值17.23 g/kg，相比对照增加79.72%。花蕾花铃数和单株叶面积受到有机碳和容重的影响较大，但未达到显著影响（P>0.05），有机碳对二者具有促进作用，而容重表现出抑制效应。含水量对于花蕾花铃数有一定积极影响。因此说明，灰漠土增施适量棉秆炭可弥补氮的不足，改善土壤理化性质。

关键词: 棉秆炭, 叶面积, 叶面积/根冠比, 灰漠土属性, 根冠均衡

Abstract: To explore the effect of the application of cotton biochar on cotton field in grey desert soil in arid area, the effects of application methods of cotton biochar (annual cotton biochar NPKC, constant nitrogen+1.5 cotton biochar NPKBc1.5, low nitrogen+1.5 cotton biochar N_low PKBc1.5, constant nitrogen+3.0 cotton biochar NPKBc3.0, low nitrogen+3.0 cotton biochar N_low PKBc3.0, low nitrogen) on soil physical and chemical properties of desert cotton were analyzed through the design of random field experiment. The results showed that compared with CK, the leaf area of NPKBc1.5 cotton increased significantly, and the number of buds boll increased by 45.67%.The effects of increasing nitrogen application amount and cotton biochar were different, and the cotton biochar was increased to 22.5 t/ha, and the leaf area of a single plant increased by 24.27%.The increase of nitrogen fertilization did not increase the leaf area significantly. Under normal nitrogen application, cotton stalk carbon increased from 22.5 t/ha to 45 t/ha, root canopy ratio increased by 13.3%, leaf area decreased by 11.84%. The number of buds boll increased significantly (P<0.05) while the amount of nitrogen was decreased but the amount of cotton biochar was increased. Soil structure and physical and chemical properties were improved. Compared with CK, when 45 t/ha cotton biochar was applied, the soil pH value dropped to 7.09, down 1.16%.On the basis of N low PKBc1.5 and NPKBc1.5, cotton biochar was increased by 1 times respectively, with natural water content increasing by 1.7 and 0.3 respectively, field water holding capacity increasing by 3.5 and 2.4 respectively, and saturated water content increasing by 6.2 and 1.6, respectively. The content of soil organic carbon reached the maximum value of 17.23 g/kg, an increase of 79.72% compared with the control group. The boll number and leaf area of flower buds and individual plants were significantly affected by organic carbon and bulk density, but not significantly affected (P>0.05). Water content had a positive effect on the number of buds bells. Therefore, it could be concluded that the application of cotton biochar in desert soil could make up for the deficiency of nitrogen and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil.

Key words: Cotton biochar, Leaf area, Leaf area per plant/root-shoot ratio, Gray desert soil property, Root cap equilibrium

中图分类号: 

• S156.2

• S153