摘要： 为探讨花椒种质资源的遗传多样性和群体结构特征，用SRAP分子标记技术对采自陕西、山西、云南、四川、甘肃5个种源地的269份花椒属样品的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果表明：从120对引物组合中筛选出了16对图谱带型清晰、丰富、重复性好的引物组合；269份花椒属样品用这些引物组合共扩增出169条清晰可重复的条带，其中多态性条带151条，多态性比率为93.8%；通过UPGMA分子系统聚类法，将269份花椒属种质划分为2个类群，即竹叶椒类群和花椒类群；在所研究的5个种源中，陕西花椒的遗传多样性水平最高，陕西和甘肃花椒的遗传距离最小，陕西和云南花椒的遗传距离最大；AMOVA分子变异分析显示，在花椒总的遗传变异中，种源内占74%，而种源间仅占26%；Structure群体遗传结构和UPGMA聚类结果一致，且种源间存在明显的基因交流现象。结果为花椒资源的收集、分类和鉴定工作以及育种工作提供了理论依据。

关键词: 花椒, SRAP分子标记, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构

Abstract: To explore the genetic diversity and population structure of Zanthoxylum germplasm,the genetic diversity among 269 accessions of Zanthoxylum which collected from Shaanxi,Shanxi,Yunnan,Sichuan and Gansu Provinces was studied by SRAP Markers.The results showed that 16 pairs of SRAP primes,amplified clear repetitive and intense bands,were selected from 120 combinations.A total of 169 clear bands were amplified,there were 151 polymorphic bands and the percentage of polymorphic bands was 93.8%;The UPGMA clustering showed that the populations were divided into two main groups, Z.armatum DC.and Z.bungeanum Maxim.The highest genetic diversity level was observed within Shanxi Province,the minimum genetic distance was between Shaanxi and Gansu,the maximum was between Shaanxi and Yunnan.The AMOVA showed that the genetic variation was mainly caused by variation of intra-provenances(74%),rather than among provinces(26%);the results of population genetic structure were consistent with the UPGMA clustering and indicated obvious gene flow among provinces.The results provide a basis for the collection,classification and identification of Zanthoxylum resources.

Key words: Zanthoxylum germplasms, SRAP Markers, Genetic diversity, Genetic structure

中图分类号: 

• S573.03