摘要： 为揭示牦牛抗逆性及抗病育种积累更多的分子遗传学资料,通过检测DRB1基因在牦牛和普通牛群体中的变异,分析该基因检测区域遗传参数。以甘南牦牛、青海牦牛、天祝白牦牛、大通牦牛和普通牛为研究对象。应用PCR-SSCP方法检测BoLA-DRB1基因第1内含子及第2外显子部分序列多态性。DRB1基因第1内含子区检测到4处SNPs及1处插入/缺失突变,第2外显子区检测到17处SNPs,两区域均表现为高度多态;单倍型连锁分析发现21种intron 1-exon 2单倍型组型且存在单倍型连锁不平衡现象,A-A₁、A-B₁、B-A₁和B-B₁单倍型在牦牛和普通牛中频率较高;聚类分析表明,牦牛DRB1基因第2外显子区碱基序列与普通牛及山羊的同源性最高,系统进化情况与它们亲缘关系远近一致。牦牛和普通牛BoLA-DRB1基因第1内含子及第2外显子多态性丰富,可作为牦牛和普通牛BoLA-DRB1的遗传标记。

关键词: 牦牛, 普通牛, DRB1基因, Intron 1, Exon 2, 多态性

Abstract: To accumulate more molecular genetics materials for revealing stress resistance and disease resistance breeding by testing the sequence variation at DRB1 gene and analyzing genetic parameters in detecting regionin in yak and cattle.Gannan yak,Qinghai yak,Tianzhu white yak,Datong yak and Cattle were used in this study.The polymorphism of intron 1 and exon 2 in BoLA-DRB1 gene were analyzed using PCR-single-strand conformational polymorphism.The results showed that 4 SNPs and 1 insertion/deletion mutation were detected in intron 1,and 17 SNPs were detected in exon 2,and they were highly polymorphism;Between these two regions,twenty-one haplotypes and the linkage disequilibrium phenomenon were found,and haplptypes A-A₁,A-B₁,B-A₁ and B-B₁ were most common in yak and cattle.The cluster analysis of DRB1 gene exon 2 showed that yak and other 6 species,cattle and goat were the highest on homology and the phylogenetic distance consistent with their genetic relationship. DRB1 gene intron 1 and exon 2 have high of sequence polymorphism,it might be used as genetic marker in yak and cattle.

Key words: Yak, Cattle, DRB1 gene, Intron 1, Exon 2, Polymorphism

中图分类号: 

• Q78