摘要： 为克服田间抗性评价的各种限制因素,充分发掘抗性种质,对枣缩果病抗性的高强度离体鉴定方法进行了研究。结果表明,在果实白熟期前(8月初)采集健康果实,用针轻刺枣果表面,喷施浓度为10⁷个/mL的病原菌(Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler、Phoma destructiva Plowr.和Fusicoccum spp.)孢子悬浮液,经恒温(25 ℃)保湿(相对湿度为100%)培养5~7 d后调查病情指数较为适宜。采用此方法,对田间表现抗病(33个)和感病(3个)的品种进行了室内离体抗性鉴定,未发现对枣缩果病免疫的种质,但进一步筛选出了长鸡心、孔府酥脆、成武冬枣、苹果枣、串铃、酥圆铃、六月鲜等7份高抗种质,其病斑扩展速度慢、发病程度轻,与感病品种差异显著。总体上看,离体鉴定结果与田间自然发病调查的结果基本一致,但离体鉴定的选择强度更大,可鉴定出更高水平的抗性种质。

关键词: 枣, 枣缩果病, 抗性, 鉴定体系, 离体

Abstract: To avoid the restrictions of field identification and quicken the screening of high resistant germplasms,a simple in vitro method for identification of resistance to jujube fruit shrink disease was established.The fruits were sampled before white-green ripening stage (around the beginning of August),surface sterilized with 70% ethanol alcohol,treated with spraying suspension (10⁷ conidial per millilitre) of the pathogens (Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Phoma destructiva Plowr.and Fusicoccum spp.),then cultured in moisturizing and warming chamber at 25 ℃ and 100% relative humidity,and identified according disease index.The resistance of thirty-six cultivars,thirty-three of them showed field resistance and three ones showed susceptible to jujube fruit shrink disease,were tested using the newly established in vitro method,and the results showed that no germplasm reached immune level and seven of them behaved very high resistance,i.e.Changjixin,Kongfusucui,Chengwudongzao,Pingguozao,Chuanling,Suyuanling and Liuyuexian.The disease index and development speed of diseased area were much bigger in susceptible cultivars than in resistant ones.The in vitro identification results are basically consistent with those obtained from field survey.The in vitro identification method showed much stronger selection intensity by which germplasm with higher level of resistance could be found.

Key words: Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Jujube fruit shrink disease, Resistance, Identification, In vitro

中图分类号: 

• S436.6