摘要： 采用砂滤管田间模拟方法，对不同有机物料在冀西北高寒半干旱区栗钙土中的转化特点，进行了研究。结果表明：（1）有机物（肥）料在栗钙土中初期前3个月分解较大，矿化碳累积量快，此后逐渐变慢，至腐解2年时所有有机物（肥）料渐趋稳定状态。不同有机物（肥）料的分解速率表现为：猪粪＞羊粪＞牛粪＞马粪＞农家肥。秸秆类有机物料中小麦秸分解最慢，其他则无明显差异。至腐解2年时所有物（肥）料渐趋稳定状态；（2）栗钙土中有机物（肥）料的腐殖化系数变动在0.25~0.72之间，并表现为农家肥＞马粪＞牛粪＞羊粪＞猪粪；小麦秸＞莜麦秸＞披碱草；豆科秸秆十分相近；（3）有机物（肥）料碳素矿化动力学过程可以用1/C_t=1/C₀+b/t，C_t=C₀e^-kt，C_t=A+Bt^1/2和C_t=At^B定量描述，动力学参数C₀，k，A值等可表征碳素矿化特征。

关键词: 冀西北, 栗钙土, 有机物料, 腐解特征

Abstract: With the method of field simulated sand tubes, the transmission characteristics of various manure in chestnut soil in the high, cold and semi-arid areas of northwest Herbei province together with their control factors were studied. The results showed that: 1) During the first three months, the manure were decomposed significantly and huge mineralized carbon accumulated. Thereafter, their decomposition was slowed down and getting stable at two years of decomposition. The decomposition rate of various manure were tested as pig manure＞sheep manure＞cow manure＞hors manure＞farmyard manure. As for the stalk composts, wheat stalk decomposed relative slow, and no significant difference was found among other stalk composts. 2)The decomposition coefficient of organic manure in chestnut soil varied between 0.25 to 0.72, and showed farmyard manure＞horse manure＞cow manure＞sheep manure＞pig manure, and wheat stalk＞naked oak stalk＞dahuria wildry grass stalk. The coefficients of the stalks in pea family were observed no difference. The rates of mineralization of organic matters in soil were measured between1.10%~4.53%, and2.86%~4.53% for meadow chestnut soil on dry sandy land.3)The dynamic mineral process of three kinds of organic manure could be described as: 1/C_t=1/C₀+b/t, C_t=C₀e_-kt, C_t=A+Bt1/2 and C_t=AtB. Dynamic parameters such as C_t, k, A could indicated the characteristic of mineralization of organic manure.

Key words: Northwest of Hebei province, Chestnut soil, Organic manure, Decomposition characteristics, Organic matter control