摘要： 利用太谷核不育小麦，采用改良半姐妹和混合轮选及隔代回交轮选三种方法进行抗逆性育种。结果表明，改良半姐妹和混合轮选对群体主穗粒数、单株粒重、百粒重等主要产量性状和抗干热风能力均有显着改良效果。改良半姐妹比混合轮选改进幅度大，且对降低群体株高有极显着效果,而混合轮选对降低株高效果不明显,两群体各主要经济性状有向选择目标集中、变异度下降的趋势。用隔代回交轮选法改造丰抗2号效果显着，升选系抗干热风、抗寒性及综合性状均优于丰抗二号，回交两次比回交~次效果好。各类群体都能分离出许多超亲变异优良可育株，已育成~批通过区试待审定或在区试、展示中表现突出的品系及特异材料。

关键词: 太谷核不育小麦, 显性不育基因, 群体改良, 轮回选择

Abstract: Adverse resistance breeding was carried out with Taigu nuclear sterile wheat by three methods such as the half sib-mating improving recurrent selection, the mass recurrent selection and the alternate-generation backcrossing recurrent selection. Notable effects have been obtained in torrid Tests Tance and the main yield characters as the kernel number of main spike, kernel weight per plant and 100-kernel weight by the half sib-mating and the mass recurrent selections. The half sib-mating recurrent selection was better than the mass recurrent selection. There was significant effects for improvement of lowering the plant heights by the half sib-mating recurrent selection, but there was no effect by the mass recurrent selection. All the main economic characters of the populations showed the trend of the selective targets with decay of variability. Selected line which was made from Fengkand 2 by the alternate-generation backcrossing recurrent selection for twice was better than Fenkang 2 in torrid resistance,cold resistance and synthetic characters. Promising fertile plants exceeded their parents were separated in all kinds of populations, with which a lot of elite lines and specific materials have been obtained and tested in the regions.

Key words: Taigu nuclear sterile wheat, Dominant sterile gene, Population improvement, Recurrent selection

中图分类号: 

• S332