摘要： 1973年开始了生食葡萄育种，目标为培育早熟或无核优良新品种。选用了玫瑰香为母本，莎芭珍珠和京早晶为父本，进行有性杂交。通过对杂种单株的调查观察，1981年选出五个优株，进行了品种比较试验。其中三个早熟优系和一个中晚熟优系的主要性状显著优于同期成熟的对照品种。解决了北京市场缺乏早熟葡萄的问题，并延长了鲜食葡萄的供应期。三个早熟优系分别命名为早玛瑙、紫珍珠和翠玉；中晚熟优系定名为艳红。对这四个新品种进行了描述。这些新品种已在生产上试种成功并开始推广。

关键词: 生食葡萄, 新品种, 早玛瑙, 紫珍珠, 翠玉, 艳红

Abstract: Through a breeding program initiated in 1973,four new table grape cultivars were released.Zao Ma Nao(Agate Early)from Muscat Hamburg×Jing Zao Jing is a high quality,attractive appearance cultivar,and produces bunches each weighing 388 g with purplish red,enlongated ellipsoidal berries each weighing 4.2 g on average.The fruit flesh is firm and delicately flavored.The fruit skin is thin and tender.During 1981-85 it produced 13.2 kg /plant.The berries contain 16.3% sugar and 5.2 g/l titratable acidity.The fruit ripens a week later than pearl of Csaba.Zi Zhen Zhu(Purple Pearl)was derived from the cross Muscat Hamburg ? Pearl of Csaba.Its general appearance resembles that of Muscat Hamburg,but the period of maturity is earlier than 20 days.It yields 16.3kg/plant and sugar content is 14.3%.Cui Yu(Emerald)is a cross of Muscat Hamburg × Jing Zao Jing.The vines are vigorous and very productive.The bunch weighs 633 g on average.The berry,with greenish yellow,firm pulp,is medium in size,weighing 3.8 g on average,co-ntains 14.4%sugar,with a slight muscat aftertaste,and ripens in mid August.Cui Yu is highly resistant to fungus diseases.It yields 22.4 kg /plant.Yan Hong(Beauty red)from Muscat Hamburg?Jing Zao Jing,forms bunches weighing 415 g each and purplish red berries weighing on average 5.2 g each,with attractive appearance.The berries are enlongated ellipsoidal,neutral in flavor.The fruit flesh is firm and the skin is thin but tough.It yields 20.6 kg/plant and sugar content is 15.1%.The fruit ripens in mid September,just after that of Muscat Hamburg.The four new cultivars have been used in Beijing grape growing area and spread to some northern provinces.

Key words: Table grape, New cultivar, Zao Ma Nao, Zi Zhen Zhu, Cui Yu, Yan Hong