自然老化下冬小麦耐贮性评价与分类

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195870

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在评估黄淮麦区20个推广小麦品种在自然老化条件下的耐贮性,并对其进行分类,以期为耐贮性小麦品种的培育与筛选提供理论依据。试验设置了12,24个月的自然老化处理,以收获后3个月的种子为对照,测定种子活力、种皮特性(颜色和细胞膜完整性)及生理生化指标(可溶性糖、谷蛋白、淀粉含量、抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量)的变化。结果表明,随着老化时间的延长,所有品种的种子活力均显著下降,发芽率和发芽势在12个月后分别下降2.17~10.79百分点和2.80~23.39百分点,24个月后下降幅度进一步加大至15.95~25.88百分点和14.93~41.44百分点。种皮颜色的色调、饱和度和强度均下降,而电导率上升,表明种皮细胞膜逐渐破损。生理生化指标中,除丙二醛外,可溶性糖、蛋白质、淀粉含量及抗氧化酶活性均呈下降趋势,24个月老化后的下降幅度大于12个月,其中总淀粉含量下降最为显著,12,24个月后分别下降6.43~32.13百分点和21.02~44.95百分点。基于发芽率、种皮颜色、电导率、可溶性糖和抗氧化酶活性等指标,将20个小麦品种分为耐贮型、中等耐贮型和不耐贮型,其中安农0711、洛旱19和新麦26表现出较强的耐贮性。研究结果为耐贮性小麦品种的选育提供了亲本材料、评价指标和理论参考。

关键词: 小麦, 种子活力, 种皮颜色, 耐贮性, 聚类分析

Abstract:

It aims to evaluate the storage tolerance of 20 popular wheat varieties from the Huang-Huai wheat region under natural aging conditions and classify them,thereby providing a theoretical basis for the breeding and selection of storage-tolerant wheat varieties.The experiment involved natural aging treatments of 12 and 24 months,with seeds harvested 3 months prior serving as the control.Measurements included seed vigor,seed coat characteristics(color and cell membrane integrity),and physiological and biochemical indicators(soluble sugar,gluten protein,starch content,antioxidant enzyme activity,and malondialdehyde content).The results indicated that as aging time increased,seed vigor of all varieties significantly declined.Germination rate and germination potential decreased by 2.17-10.79 percentage points and 2.80-23.39 percentage points,respectively,after 12 months,and further declined by 15.95-25.88 percentage points and 14.93-41.44 percentage points after 24 months.The hue,saturation,and intensity of seed coat color decreased,while electrical conductivity increased,indicating gradual damage to the seed coat cell membrane.Among the physiological and biochemical indicators,except for malondialdehyde,soluble sugar,protein,starch content,and antioxidant enzyme activity all showed a declining trend,with greater declines observed after 24 months compared to 12 months.Total starch content exhibited the most significant decrease,declining by 6.43-32.13 percentage points and 21.02-44.95 percentage points after 12 and 24 months,respectively.Based on indicators such as germination rate,seed coat color,electrical conductivity,soluble sugar,and antioxidant enzyme activity,the 20 wheat varieties were classified into storage-tolerant,moderately storage-tolerant,and non-storage-tolerant types.Among them,Annong 0711,Luohan 19,and Xinmai 26 demonstrated strong storage tolerance.The findings provide parental materials,evaluation criteria,and theoretical references for the breeding of storage-tolerant wheat varieties.

Key words: Triticum aestivum L., Seed vigor, Seed coat color, Storage tolerance, Cluster analysis

中图分类号:

帅星航, 曹磊, 张玲, 彭小爱, 刘童, 王升星, 朱玉磊. 自然老化下冬小麦耐贮性评价与分类[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 86-97. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195870.

SHUAI Xinghang, CAO Lei, ZHANG Ling, PENG Xiaoai, LIU Tong, WANG Shengxing, ZHU Yulei. Evaluation and Classification of Storage Tolerance of Winter Wheat under Natural Aging[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 86-97. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195870.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/86

图/表 11

参考文献 44

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编号 Number	品种 Variety	审定编号 Authorized number	发芽率 GR			发芽势 GP
编号 Number	品种 Variety	审定编号 Authorized number	CK	T1	T2	CK	T1	T2
1	丰德存麦1号	2011004	95.33±1.15a	88.66±4.16b	70.66±2.08c	74.00±2.00a	67.00±2.65a	43.33±4.16b
2	良星99	2004007	94.00±2.00a	86.66±3.06b	78.66±1.15c	76.00±2.00a	68.00±2.00b	51.33±2.31c
3	郑麦366	2005003	94.00±2.00a	86.00±3.46b	72.66±1.15c	72.00±2.00a	58.00±2.00b	44.67±3.06c
4	安农0711	2014002	92.00±2.00a	84.00±2.00b	76.66±1.15c	67.33±1.15a	58.67±2.31b	44.00±2.00c
5	洛旱19	2017024	94.00±4.00a	87.33±5.03a	76.00±2.00b	71.33±3.06a	69.33±3.06a	56.67±5.03b
6	周麦36	20180042	96.00±2.00a	86.66±4.16b	76.66±3.06c	82.67±1.15a	63.33±3.06b	52.00±2.00c
7	新麦26	2010007	94.00±2.00a	88.66±2.31a	78.00±3.46b	89.33±3.06a	82.00±2.00b	76.00±3.46c
8	洛麦26	2014018	92.66±1.15a	84.00±3.46b	75.33±2.31c	72.67±1.15a	58.67±1.15b	49.33±3.06c
9	周麦27	2011003	94.66±1.15a	86.00±4.00b	74.00±2.00c	78.67±3.06a	68.67±1.15b	64.67±3.06c
10	新科麦169	20180033	91.33±3.06a	84.00±2.00b	73.33±2.31c	74.00±2.00a	60.67±1.15b	55.33±3.06b
11	洛旱22	20180058	90.00±4.00a	82.66±3.06b	75.33±1.15c	74.67±1.15a	62.67±3.06b	55.33±1.15c
12	丰德存麦21	20210051	92.00±2.00a	86.66±3.06a	74.00±2.00b	76.67±2.31a	69.33±3.06b	64.67±3.06c
13	郑麦369	20180030	93.33±2.31a	84.66±2.31b	74.66±2.31c	76.67±3.06a	65.33±1.15b	58.67±2.31c
14	郑麦136	20180008	92.00±2.00a	86.00±2.00b	74.66±2.31c	83.33±3.06a	73.33±3.06b	57.33±3.06c
15	中麦895	2012010	92.00±2.00a	86.00±4.00b	74.66±1.15c	78.00±2.00a	69.33±1.15b	56.00±3.46c
16	百农207	2013010	92.66±3.06a	82.66±4.16b	75.33±1.15c	78.00±2.00a	68.67±3.06b	60.00±2.00c
17	丰德存麦5号	2014003	92.00±2.00a	90.00±2.00b	77.33±3.06c	72.00±2.00a	61.33±2.31b	59.33±3.06b
18	中麦175	2007001	91.33±2.31a	84.66±3.06b	75.33±1.15c	77.33±4.16a	64.67±3.06b	62.00±4.00b
19	华成3366	2013013	91.33±1.15a	85.33±1.15b	72.66±3.06c	78.67±3.06a	74.00±2.00b	60.67±3.06c
20	淮麦33	201305	89.33±3.06a	86.66±2.31a	74.00±2.00b	82.67±2.31a	75.33±2.31b	60.00±2.00c
均值 Average			92.70	85.86	75.00	76.80	66.92	56.57
最大值 Maximum			96.00	90.00	78.66	89.33	82.00	76.00
最小值 Minimum			89.33	82.66	70.66	67.33	58.00	43.33
标准差s			1.71	1.94	1.93	5.04	6.24	7.85
变异系数 CV			1.84	2.26	2.57	6.56	9.32	13.88

编号 Number	品种 Variety	审定编号 Authorized number	发芽率 GR			发芽势 GP
编号 Number	品种 Variety	审定编号 Authorized number	CK	T1	T2	CK	T1	T2
1	丰德存麦1号	2011004	95.33±1.15a	88.66±4.16b	70.66±2.08c	74.00±2.00a	67.00±2.65a	43.33±4.16b
2	良星99	2004007	94.00±2.00a	86.66±3.06b	78.66±1.15c	76.00±2.00a	68.00±2.00b	51.33±2.31c
3	郑麦366	2005003	94.00±2.00a	86.00±3.46b	72.66±1.15c	72.00±2.00a	58.00±2.00b	44.67±3.06c
4	安农0711	2014002	92.00±2.00a	84.00±2.00b	76.66±1.15c	67.33±1.15a	58.67±2.31b	44.00±2.00c
5	洛旱19	2017024	94.00±4.00a	87.33±5.03a	76.00±2.00b	71.33±3.06a	69.33±3.06a	56.67±5.03b
6	周麦36	20180042	96.00±2.00a	86.66±4.16b	76.66±3.06c	82.67±1.15a	63.33±3.06b	52.00±2.00c
7	新麦26	2010007	94.00±2.00a	88.66±2.31a	78.00±3.46b	89.33±3.06a	82.00±2.00b	76.00±3.46c
8	洛麦26	2014018	92.66±1.15a	84.00±3.46b	75.33±2.31c	72.67±1.15a	58.67±1.15b	49.33±3.06c
9	周麦27	2011003	94.66±1.15a	86.00±4.00b	74.00±2.00c	78.67±3.06a	68.67±1.15b	64.67±3.06c
10	新科麦169	20180033	91.33±3.06a	84.00±2.00b	73.33±2.31c	74.00±2.00a	60.67±1.15b	55.33±3.06b
11	洛旱22	20180058	90.00±4.00a	82.66±3.06b	75.33±1.15c	74.67±1.15a	62.67±3.06b	55.33±1.15c
12	丰德存麦21	20210051	92.00±2.00a	86.66±3.06a	74.00±2.00b	76.67±2.31a	69.33±3.06b	64.67±3.06c
13	郑麦369	20180030	93.33±2.31a	84.66±2.31b	74.66±2.31c	76.67±3.06a	65.33±1.15b	58.67±2.31c
14	郑麦136	20180008	92.00±2.00a	86.00±2.00b	74.66±2.31c	83.33±3.06a	73.33±3.06b	57.33±3.06c
15	中麦895	2012010	92.00±2.00a	86.00±4.00b	74.66±1.15c	78.00±2.00a	69.33±1.15b	56.00±3.46c
16	百农207	2013010	92.66±3.06a	82.66±4.16b	75.33±1.15c	78.00±2.00a	68.67±3.06b	60.00±2.00c
17	丰德存麦5号	2014003	92.00±2.00a	90.00±2.00b	77.33±3.06c	72.00±2.00a	61.33±2.31b	59.33±3.06b
18	中麦175	2007001	91.33±2.31a	84.66±3.06b	75.33±1.15c	77.33±4.16a	64.67±3.06b	62.00±4.00b
19	华成3366	2013013	91.33±1.15a	85.33±1.15b	72.66±3.06c	78.67±3.06a	74.00±2.00b	60.67±3.06c
20	淮麦33	201305	89.33±3.06a	86.66±2.31a	74.00±2.00b	82.67±2.31a	75.33±2.31b	60.00±2.00c
均值 Average			92.70	85.86	75.00	76.80	66.92	56.57
最大值 Maximum			96.00	90.00	78.66	89.33	82.00	76.00
最小值 Minimum			89.33	82.66	70.66	67.33	58.00	43.33
标准差s			1.71	1.94	1.93	5.04	6.24	7.85
变异系数 CV			1.84	2.26	2.57	6.56	9.32	13.88

品种 Variety	色调 H			饱和度 S			强度 I
品种 Variety	CK	T1	T2	CK	T1	T2	CK	T1	T2
1	41.08±7.38a	37.07±7.13ab	29.87±3.36b	0.993 8±0.000 1a	0.993 4±0.000 1a	0.992 4±0.000 2b	162.00±2.40a	151.22±1.92b	132.00±3.18c
2	41.00±7.65a	36.61±1.98ab	28.99±0.98b	0.994 6±0.000 1a	0.993 8±0.000 2b	0.991 9±0.000 3c	185.67±4.04a	161.33±4.81b	124.00±5.24c
3	34.39±7.23a	25.64±0.55ab	14.90±8.21b	0.993 7±0.000 1a	0.993 2±0.000 1b	0.992 5±0.000 2c	159.00±1.00a	147.56±1.84b	133.67±2.73c
4	32.42±6.91a	32.41±6.65a	29.33±10.21a	0.994 0±0.000 1a	0.993 2±0.000 1b	0.992 4±0.000 3c	165.44±2.52a	146.44±2.17b	132.00±5.81c
5	39.23±2.87a	33.57±2.35ab	30.43±4.46b	0.993 8±0.000 2a	0.993 1±0.000 4b	0.991 8±0.000 3c	162.33±5.78a	145.56±7.82b	122.11±5.09c
6	26.97±4.78a	23.50±5.18a	22.42±3.94a	0.994 0±0.000 3a	0.993 4±0.000 3b	0.992 2±0.000 2c	166.00±8.02a	151.67±6.03b	128.11±2.46c
7	36.69±6.78a	30.00±3.89a	28.00±3.94a	0.993 6±0.000 3a	0.992 8±0.000 3b	0.991 8±0.000 9c	156.89±6.34a	139.33±6.57ab	122.67±11.92b
8	32.38±3.00a	29.84±2.74a	28.83±4.69a	0.994 2±0.000 1a	0.993 4±0.000 2b	0.992 5±0.000 4c	172.44±2.69a	151.33±4.04b	132.89±6.48c
9	30.61±4.28a	30.32±3.85a	28.88±1.18a	0.993 7±0.000 2a	0.992 8±0.000 3b	0.991 8±0.000 3c	159.22±5.50a	139.67±6.03b	122.56±4.22c
10	44.48±5.22a	37.06±5.19ab	25.69±2.76b	0.993 7±0.000 2a	0.993 3±0.000 3b	0.991 8±0.000 1c	159.89±5.67a	150.00±5.78a	122.56±1.64b
11	38.83±7.18a	35.04±2.21a	25.39±5.95a	0.993 7±0.000 1a	0.993 3±0.000 2b	0.991 5±0.000 1c	159.22±2.50a	148.78±3.95b	117.78±1.50c
12	42.26±6.20a	29.07±0.85b	26.83±5.48b	0.993 1±0.000 2a	0.992 6±0.000 4b	0.991 4±0.000 7c	145.78±5.19a	134.78±7.57ab	116.67±9.35b
13	37.99±3.11a	36.76±4.12a	28.66±4.34a	0.993 1±0.000 2a	0.992 3±0.000 4b	0.991 8±0.000 4c	144.11±4.23a	130.33±6.36b	121.78±6.19b
14	38.38±4.60a	35.32±3.26a	34.46±5.27a	0.993 7±0.000 2a	0.992 4±0.000 1b	0.991 3±0.000 6c	159.67±4.04a	132.22±2.41b	115.44±8.30c
15	39.32±4.05a	29.28±3.33b	15.55±3.01c	0.993 5±0.000 2a	0.993 1±0.000 4a	0.992 2±0.000 1b	154.44±4.40a	145.33±8.67a	128.44±0.96b
16	26.73±4.92a	23.97±2.31a	22.23±2.92a	0.993 3±0.000 3a	0.992 2±0.000 7b	0.991 2±0.000 2c	148.56±6.38a	128.22±11.85ab	114.11±2.41b
17	42.52±3.53a	33.61±10.39a	15.39±4.92b	0.993 1±0.000 3a	0.992 0±0.000 3b	0.991 2±0.000 2c	144.89±6.74a	124.44±5.00b	113.67±3.18c
18	32.25±5.42a	27.76±4.43a	19.35±9.01a	0.993 2±0.000 2a	0.992 4±0.000 2b	0.991 3±0.000 3c	147.44±5.32a	131.22±3.83b	114.44±4.44c
19	37.64±7.14a	32.15±2.39a	19.57±4.76b	0.992 8±0.000 3a	0.991 8±0.000 5b	0.991 3±0.000 1b	138.78±5.74a	122.11±7.75b	115.33±1.53b
20	32.80±8.73a	28.25±1.71ab	21.14±5.15b	0.993 5±0.000 4a	0.991 8±0.000 3b	0.990 8±0.000 1c	153.00±8.67a	122.56±4.86b	109.11±1.35b

品种 Variety	色调 H			饱和度 S			强度 I
品种 Variety	CK	T1	T2	CK	T1	T2	CK	T1	T2
1	41.08±7.38a	37.07±7.13ab	29.87±3.36b	0.993 8±0.000 1a	0.993 4±0.000 1a	0.992 4±0.000 2b	162.00±2.40a	151.22±1.92b	132.00±3.18c
2	41.00±7.65a	36.61±1.98ab	28.99±0.98b	0.994 6±0.000 1a	0.993 8±0.000 2b	0.991 9±0.000 3c	185.67±4.04a	161.33±4.81b	124.00±5.24c
3	34.39±7.23a	25.64±0.55ab	14.90±8.21b	0.993 7±0.000 1a	0.993 2±0.000 1b	0.992 5±0.000 2c	159.00±1.00a	147.56±1.84b	133.67±2.73c
4	32.42±6.91a	32.41±6.65a	29.33±10.21a	0.994 0±0.000 1a	0.993 2±0.000 1b	0.992 4±0.000 3c	165.44±2.52a	146.44±2.17b	132.00±5.81c
5	39.23±2.87a	33.57±2.35ab	30.43±4.46b	0.993 8±0.000 2a	0.993 1±0.000 4b	0.991 8±0.000 3c	162.33±5.78a	145.56±7.82b	122.11±5.09c
6	26.97±4.78a	23.50±5.18a	22.42±3.94a	0.994 0±0.000 3a	0.993 4±0.000 3b	0.992 2±0.000 2c	166.00±8.02a	151.67±6.03b	128.11±2.46c
7	36.69±6.78a	30.00±3.89a	28.00±3.94a	0.993 6±0.000 3a	0.992 8±0.000 3b	0.991 8±0.000 9c	156.89±6.34a	139.33±6.57ab	122.67±11.92b
8	32.38±3.00a	29.84±2.74a	28.83±4.69a	0.994 2±0.000 1a	0.993 4±0.000 2b	0.992 5±0.000 4c	172.44±2.69a	151.33±4.04b	132.89±6.48c
9	30.61±4.28a	30.32±3.85a	28.88±1.18a	0.993 7±0.000 2a	0.992 8±0.000 3b	0.991 8±0.000 3c	159.22±5.50a	139.67±6.03b	122.56±4.22c
10	44.48±5.22a	37.06±5.19ab	25.69±2.76b	0.993 7±0.000 2a	0.993 3±0.000 3b	0.991 8±0.000 1c	159.89±5.67a	150.00±5.78a	122.56±1.64b
11	38.83±7.18a	35.04±2.21a	25.39±5.95a	0.993 7±0.000 1a	0.993 3±0.000 2b	0.991 5±0.000 1c	159.22±2.50a	148.78±3.95b	117.78±1.50c
12	42.26±6.20a	29.07±0.85b	26.83±5.48b	0.993 1±0.000 2a	0.992 6±0.000 4b	0.991 4±0.000 7c	145.78±5.19a	134.78±7.57ab	116.67±9.35b
13	37.99±3.11a	36.76±4.12a	28.66±4.34a	0.993 1±0.000 2a	0.992 3±0.000 4b	0.991 8±0.000 4c	144.11±4.23a	130.33±6.36b	121.78±6.19b
14	38.38±4.60a	35.32±3.26a	34.46±5.27a	0.993 7±0.000 2a	0.992 4±0.000 1b	0.991 3±0.000 6c	159.67±4.04a	132.22±2.41b	115.44±8.30c
15	39.32±4.05a	29.28±3.33b	15.55±3.01c	0.993 5±0.000 2a	0.993 1±0.000 4a	0.992 2±0.000 1b	154.44±4.40a	145.33±8.67a	128.44±0.96b
16	26.73±4.92a	23.97±2.31a	22.23±2.92a	0.993 3±0.000 3a	0.992 2±0.000 7b	0.991 2±0.000 2c	148.56±6.38a	128.22±11.85ab	114.11±2.41b
17	42.52±3.53a	33.61±10.39a	15.39±4.92b	0.993 1±0.000 3a	0.992 0±0.000 3b	0.991 2±0.000 2c	144.89±6.74a	124.44±5.00b	113.67±3.18c
18	32.25±5.42a	27.76±4.43a	19.35±9.01a	0.993 2±0.000 2a	0.992 4±0.000 2b	0.991 3±0.000 3c	147.44±5.32a	131.22±3.83b	114.44±4.44c
19	37.64±7.14a	32.15±2.39a	19.57±4.76b	0.992 8±0.000 3a	0.991 8±0.000 5b	0.991 3±0.000 1b	138.78±5.74a	122.11±7.75b	115.33±1.53b
20	32.80±8.73a	28.25±1.71ab	21.14±5.15b	0.993 5±0.000 4a	0.991 8±0.000 3b	0.990 8±0.000 1c	153.00±8.67a	122.56±4.86b	109.11±1.35b

主成分 Principle factor		1	2	3	4	5
特征值 Eigen value		2.908	2.365	1.877	1.584	1.125
贡献率/% Contribution ratio		22.37	18.19	14.44	12.19	8.65
累积贡献率/% Cumulative contribution ratio		22.37	40.56	55.00	67.18	75.84
特征向量 Eigen vector	X1	0.388	0.611	0.230	0.077	0.429
	X2	0.770	-0.106	0.472	-0.186	0.069
	X3	-0.035	0.054	0.182	0.769	0.216
	X4	-0.876	0.369	0.092	0.117	0.125
	X5	-0.889	0.363	0.091	0.117	0.096
	X6	0.031	-0.683	0.032	0.333	0.399
	X7	0.433	0.179	-0.252	0.683	0.077
	X8	0.221	0.136	0.315	0.498	-0.541
	X9	-0.330	-0.596	-0.531	0.046	0.106
	X10	0.256	0.345	-0.290	-0.196	0.582
	X11	0.014	0.719	-0.457	0.041	-0.195
	X12	-0.185	0.226	0.743	-0.212	0.101
	X13	0.397	0.387	-0.512	-0.111	-0.091

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