摘要： 华北高产农区部分农民自发地种植制糖用甘蔗已有十年,单位面积产量达75—90吨/公顷,超过我国1982年和1983年全国和均单产52吨/公顷的50%以上.但种植的地域很分散,总的面积不大.我国传统甘蔗种植区的北部界限为北纬30°的温州、长沙、成都一线.石家庄位于北纬38°,年平均温度低于此线约4.2℃.但石家庄的年温差和日温差都较大,四至十月份白天的温度仅低于此线0.9℃,而夜间温度低4.8℃.此外,同期的太阳总辐射量石家庄高19.6%,日照时数多36.5%.这样的气象因素对于需要高光照强度条件的甘蔗来说,是十分有利的.此外,华北高产农区水利条件好,每人平均占有的耕地面积大,这也是发展甘蔗生产的有利条件.华北高产农区试种甘蔗十年来未能大发展的主要原因是缺少正确的指导.今后,在现有基础上,根据制糖和生食的不同要求,选用适应本地区生长的、生产性能好的糖用型和水果型甘蔗新品种,并进一步提高其栽培技术,在华北高产农区发展制糖甘蔗和水果型甘蔗都将是可行的,有发展前途的.

关键词: 甘蔗, 华北

Abstract: Some peasants have planted sugar cane for ten years in Hua-Bei (Noth China) high-yield agricultural area, and the output has reached 75-90 ton/hectare, much higher than the national average 52 ton/ha in 1982 and 1983. But the cane planted in scatterd small plots and the total area isn't large.The northern edge of the traditional cane-planting area in China is the line of Wenzhou, Changsha, Chengdu at the latitude 30°N. The mean annual temperature in Shijiazhuang, where the latitude is 38°, is 4.2℃ lower than in this line, but temperature differences in a year and a day are much higher.From April to October, the mean temperature in daytime is only 0.9℃lower, but during the night it is 4.8℃lower. Beside this, the solar radiation and sunshine hour in Shijiazhuang are 19.6% and 36.5% higher respectively. Here meteorological factors to cane growth, which needs high light intensity, are beneficial. In addition, the condition of water conservancy is good and the average area of farmland per capita is large. All this is useful to develop sugar-cane breeding.The main reason of underdevelopment of cane breeding in North China lies in lack of correct instructive directions. Basis on this, the new cane varieties selected, sugar-made cane variety and fruit cane (for raw eating) variety, must high-yield and can be adapted to the local circumstance. It is concluded that along with advancement of technology, it's entirely possible to raise sugar-made cane and fruit cane in North China,