摘要： 旨在通过不同浓度的GA₃、ETH结合低温处理大蒜鳞茎，以期探明快速解除金乡蒜休眠的技术与生理特性的变化，在不影响大蒜品质的前提下缩短大蒜生产时间。供试品种为金乡大蒜，休眠大蒜鳞茎为自常温下存储2周的鳞茎，萌发大蒜取自常温下存储16周的鳞茎。休眠大蒜用16种不同浓度配比的赤霉素和乙烯利激素溶液浸泡大蒜1 h，浸泡后取出，各处理以4，8，12，16℃低温处理4，8，12，16，20 d，比较不同处理的发芽率及大蒜苗株高、假茎粗及鳞茎各营养品质指标。结果表明，各处理中GA₃、ETH浓度分别为50 mg/L，150 μL/L的溶液浸泡大蒜鳞茎后的萌芽率普遍高于其他处理，12℃低温处理大蒜鳞茎萌发速度普遍比其他温度处理后要快，低温处理20 d的大蒜鳞茎打破休眠最快。综合所有结果得出结论，使用GA₃ 50 mg/L，ETH 150 μL/L的混合液浸泡1 h，浸泡后12℃低温处理，是打破金乡蒜休眠最有效的措施，能够使大蒜鳞茎的休眠期缩短40 d以上，显著加快了大蒜鳞茎的萌芽速度，并且成熟大蒜的大蒜素、维生素C、可溶性糖等生理指标与对照相比没有明显不同。因此，在生产中利用此方法能够使大蒜提前播种，提高农民的经济利益。

关键词: 大蒜, 萌发, 赤霉素, 乙烯利, 低温

Abstract: The experiment tried to treat garlic bulbs with different concentrations of GA₃,ETH and low temperature,in order to find out the technology and physiological characteristics of rapid release of garlic dormancy,shorten the production time of garlic without affecting the quality of garlic.The test variety was Jinxiang garlic,the dormant garlic bulb was a bulb stored at ambient temperature for 2 weeks,and the germination garlic was taken from the bulb stored at ambient temperature for 16 weeks.16 different concentrations of gibberellin and ethephon in hormone solution soaked dorment garlic for 1 hour,after soaking out,each treatment with 4,8,12,16℃ low-temperature treatment for 4,8,12,16,20 days,to compare the germination rate of different treatments and the indexes of garlic seedling height,stem coarse and bulb nutrition quality.The consequence indicated that,the germination rate of GA₃,ETH concentration of 50 mg/L and 150 μL/L in different treatments was higher than that of other treatments,the germination rate of 12℃ low temperature treatment garlic bulb was generally faster than other temperature treatment,and garlic bulbs that were treated with low temperature for 20 days break dormancy fastest.Combining all the results to conclude that garlic bulbs immersed in GA₃, ETH concentration of 50 mg/L,150 μL/L solution,and then 12℃ low-temperature treated for 20 days could effectively break the garlic dormancy,the dormant period of garlic bulbs shortened more than 40 days,the germination rate of garlic was the fastest and there was no adverse effects on the quality of garlic growth.Using this method in production could make garlic sow in advance,and improved farmers' economic benefits.

Key words: Garlic, Germination, Gibberellin, Ethephon, Low temperature

中图分类号: 

• S633.01