华北农学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 122-127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.02.022

所属专题: 油料作物

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豫东平原高产夏花生生理生态指标及产量结构研究

郭振升1, 张慎举1, 皇甫自起1, 苏天增2, 侯乐新3   

  1. 1. 商丘职业技术学院, 河南 商丘 476005;
    2. 商丘师范学院, 河南 商丘 476000;
    3. 商丘市睢阳区农科所, 河南 商丘 476100
  • 收稿日期:2012-10-11 出版日期:2013-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 张慎举(1955-),男,河南睢县人,教授,主要从事植物营养及作物栽培方面的教学和科研工作。
  • 作者简介:郭振升(1963-),男,河南虞城人,副教授,硕士,主要从事作物栽培生理等方面的教学及科研工作。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关计划项目(001020106)

Study on Physiological and Ecological Index and Yield Structure of High-yielding Summer Peanut in Eastern Plain of Henan Province

GUO Zhen-sheng1, ZHANG Shen-ju1, HUANG FU Zi-qi1, SU Tian-zeng2, HOU Le-xin3   

  1. 1. Shangqiu Vocational Institute of Technology, Shangqiu 476005, China;
    2. Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China;
    3. Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Suiyang District of Shangqiu, Shangqiu 476100, China
  • Received:2012-10-11 Published:2013-04-28

摘要: 为探索高产夏花生生理生态指标及相关技术参数,采用田间试验方法,结合群、个体植株分析,探讨了豫东平原生态区夏花生高产(6 000 kg/hm2以上)条件下生育进程及其与叶龄的关系、群体开花结实动态、植株干物质积累及氮磷钾三要素需求规律等。结果表明,豫东生态区高产夏花生生育历时102~116 d|7~8片叶始花,8~9片叶形成果针,11~12片叶初现幼果,13~14片叶形成秕果,16~17片叶形成饱果|群体开花时间持续20 d左右,单株开花90~120朵,植株第1,2对侧枝上的结实花蕾及其饱果数分别占全株总数的65%和30%|出苗后50 d植株干物质积累最快,结果后37 d荚果干质量增长最快|各生育期叶面积系数分别是:幼苗期0.5~0.8、花针期2.9~3.1、结荚期3.9~4.2、结果期2.2~2.4|全生育期总光合势为251.5~272.5 m2.d,不同生育期净光合生产率分别是:幼苗期11.3~12.1g/(m2.d)、花针期5.8~6.9g/(m2.d)、结荚期5.5~5.8g/(m2.d)、饱果成熟期3.1~3.5g/(m2.d)|在6000 kg/hm2荚果产量水平下,夏花生需要氮磷钾三要素养分总量分别为:N 375.6 kg/hm2、P2O585.8 kg/hm2和K2O174.6 kg/hm2,三要素之比为1∶0.23∶0.46。不同类型夏花生品种实现高产的产量结构为:早熟品种31.5万~32.0万株/hm2,单株果数10~12个,百果质量175~195g,荚果产量6 019.6~6 038.5 kg/hm2|中熟品种29.5万~31.0万株/hm2,单株果数11个左右,百果质量202g,荚果产量6 155.0~6 182.1 kg/hm2。

关键词: 豫东平原, 夏花生, 生理生态指标, 产量结构, 高产栽培

Abstract: To explore the ecological and physiological indicators and the related technical parameters of high-yielding summer peanut in eastern plain of Henan Province,the conventional field experiment combining with the a-nalysis of population and(individual plant was used to study the development process and its relation with the leaf age,the flowering and fruiting dynamic of population,the plant dry matter accumulation and the NPK requirement laws in high-yielding cultivation condition( >6 000 kg/ha). The results showed that,for the summer peanut in east-ern region of Henan,the wholegrowth period was 102-116 days,the initial flowering time began at 7-8 leaves,the forming fruit needle at 8-9 leaves,the young fruits at 11-12 leaves,the abortive fruits at 13-14 leaves and the full fruits at 16-17 leaves. The flowering duration of population lasted for about 20 days. The flower number per plant was 90 ~120.The numbers of bearing buds and full fruits in first and second lateral branches accounted for 65% and 30% of the whole plant,respectively. The plant dry matter accumulated the fastest after 50 days of emer-gence,and the dry weight of podsgrew the fastest after 37 days of bearing fruits. The coefficient of leaf area during differentgrowth period was 0.5-0.8 at seedling stage,2. 9-3. 1 at fancy stitch stage,3. 9-4. 2 at podding stage and 2. 2-2. 4 at fruit bearing stage. The total photosynthetic potential in wholegrowth period was 251. 5-272. 5 m2· d. The net photosynthetic rate in differentgrowth period was 11. 3-12. 1g/(m2· d) at seedling stage,5. 8-

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郭振升, 张慎举, 皇甫自起, 苏天增, 侯乐新. 豫东平原高产夏花生生理生态指标及产量结构研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2013, 28(2): 122-127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.02.022.

GUO Zhen-sheng, ZHANG Shen-ju, HUANG FU Zi-qi, SU Tian-zeng, HOU Le-xin. Study on Physiological and Ecological Index and Yield Structure of High-yielding Summer Peanut in Eastern Plain of Henan Province[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2013, 28(2): 122-127. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.02.022.

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