摘要： 本文总结了十五年来冬小麦育种工作的经验,结果表明,制定正确的育种目标是育种成败的关键.育种目标要适应生产的发展,要纠正脱离实际的过高的产量指标,在高产的基础上逐步改善品质.为了满足本地区不同条件下种植的小麦与其前后茬粮食作物,实现全年各茬均衡增产及连年持续丰产的要求,必须培育一整套品种,尤其要重视早熟品种的选育.还应要求冬小麦良种的性状在确保稳产的基础上去求高产;强调具备越冬抗寒性,抗多种病害,高抗倒伏,并能保持较大的生物学产量.文内设计及评价了产量构成因素不同组配的四种类型:多穗型、中间型、大穗(或穗重)型和耐晚播早熟型.

关键词: 冬小麦育种目标, 回顾, 展望

Abstract: The experiences of winter wheat breeding during the last 15 years are hereinafter summerized which show that the correct selection of breeding objectives is the key factor leading to success. Breeding objectives should adapt to the development of production. A yield target, if too high, should be adjusted. The quality of wheat grain should be improved, step by step, on the basis of high yielding. In order to get a balanced as well as a continuous high yield for wheat and the other crops before or after it, under different local conditions, it is necessary to breed a whole set of suitable varieties,with the first emphasis on the early maturing varieties.The principle should be emphasized that high yield can only be gained on the basis of stable yield. Also, stress should be put on such requirements as winter hardiness, multi-resistance to diseases,high resistance to lodging, and high biological yield. Designed and evaluated herein are the four "Varietal models" , namely "multi-headed" , "intermediate" , "large-headed" , and "late sowing-early maturing" .

Key words: Winter wheat breeding, Review, Perspective