摘要： 十九个小麦良种用六个叶锈菌优势小种分小种测定,其中十八个表现高度抗病,是用来自河北、北京176个叶锈菌株进行多菌株、分菌株测定时,就没有一个品种对所有菌株都抵抗,感病率为9.1—61.4%.说明研究锈病应有群体观点.比较了新疆和河北、北京叶锈菌群体的毒性.根据一些中度抗病品种对两地叶锈菌的反应,都表明新疆叶锈菌群体的毒性比河北、北京的强.在不同生态条件下形成的叶锈菌群体的毒性可能不同,因此研究锈病应有生态观点.寄主和病原物的相互作用及其遗传变异是长期的,寄主和病原物共同进化.研究锈病应有进化观点.过去的研究工作有片面性,应考虑改进.

关键词: 小麦锈病, 群体观点, 生态观点, 进化观点

Abstract: The author points out that rust workers should bear in mind the points of view of population,ecology and evolution,since the host and pathogen interact between populations under certain ecological effect and over time. Zhu,et al( 1985) tested 19 promising wheat cultivars with G prevalent races of P.vecinia recondite f.sh, tritici.Eighteen of the cultivars were highly resi-stant to all the races,but when tested respectively with 176 isolates of the fungus from Hebei Province and Beijing,none of the cultivars showed low re-action to all the isolates.The value of、irulence frequency was 9.1-61.4%.What a difference it was when a culti、ar was tested with a single race or with the population of the pathogen. Zhu,et al(1984) compared the tirulence of the population of P.recondite f.sp.tritici between distinct places,injiang and Hebei and Beijing.The rWSt of the former was significantly more、irulent than the t of the latter as shown by the reactions of certain cultivars intermediate in resistance Owing to the fact that the virulence of the population of the pathogen may be different in diffe-rent regions,the author has brought forth the idea fectatype' which means a group of pathotypes formed through the interaction of host and pathogen under certain ecological condition over time has distinct pathogenicity. Zao,et al(1985) compared the virulence of polmlation of P.recondite f. sp. tritici bet,veen adjacent provinces,Hebei and Henan.The average value of virulence frequency was 53.8%in Hebei and 53.0%in I-Ienan,indicating that there was not much difference as the virulence of the whole population was concerned,but there mere significant differences in reactions of certain culti-vars interacting with the pathogen of different rr-inces.The author suggests that it is better to assess the rust resistance of cultivars on regional basis ra-they than making nation wide test by using fcw r: ccs. The author emphasizes that it seems to be necessary to study the fitness of the pathogen in order to know its variation genetically, because the host and pathogen co-exist in evolution.

Key words: Wheat rust, Viewpoint of population, Viewpoint of ecology, Viewpoint of evolution