遮阴高度和遮光率对抹茶园生态环境和抹茶品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高茶园抹茶生产品质,通过田间试验,研究了遮阴高度和遮光率互作对抹茶叶绿素含量、品质成分及茶园环境等的影响,设置了不遮阴处理(CK)、主处理遮阴高度(1.0,1.5,2.0 m)、副处理遮光率(40%,70%,100%)共10个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,遮阴高度和遮光率互作可以提高茶树周围环境的日平均温度、日最高温度和日最低温度;遮阴高度和遮光率互作有利于减弱茶蓬表面光照强度,增加抹茶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值),显著增加叶绿素含量(P< 0.05);遮阴高度和遮光率互作显著增加抹茶中水浸出物含量和氨基酸、显著降低了茶叶中茶多酚含量、咖啡碱含量和酚氨比。将茶叶品质成分和叶绿素含量与相应环境因子进行冗余分析表明,照度和最低温度是影响茶叶品质成分和叶绿素含量的主要指标。综上,遮阴高度1.5 m和遮光率70%互作利于生产高品质抹茶。

关键词: 抹茶, 遮阴高度, 遮光率, 品质成分, 环境因子

Abstract:

To improve the production quality of matcha in tea gardens,the effects of interaction of shading height and shading rate on matcha chlorophyll content,quality components,tea garden environment,etc.were studied through a field experiment,10 treatments in total,including non-shading treatment (CK),shading heights (1.0,1.5,2.0 m)of main treatments and shading rates (40%,70%,100%)of subtreatments were set. Compared with the CK,the results showed that interaction of shading height and shading rate could improve the daily average temperature,daily maximum temperature,and daily minimum temperature of the surrounding environment of tea garden.Interaction of shading height and shading rate were beneficial to reducing illuminance on the surface of tea canopy,increasing the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value)and significantly increasing the chlorophyll content.The interaction of shading height and shading rate significantly increased the content of water extract and ammonia,and significantly decreased the content of tea polyphenols,caffeine content,and phenol ammonia ratio in tea.Redundancy analysis of tea quality components and chlorophyll content with corresponding environmental factors showed that illuminance and minimum temperature were the main indicators that affected the quality components and chlorophyll content of tea.The interaction of a shading height of 1.5 m and a shading rate of 70% is conducive to the production of high-quality matcha.

Key words: Matcha, Shading height, Shading rate, Quality components, Environmental factors

吴艳, 梁万里, 孙永明, 邹乐萍, 刘芳, 朱同, 黄尚书. 遮阴高度和遮光率对抹茶园生态环境和抹茶品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 237-244. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194202.

WU Yan, LIANG Wanli, SUN Yongming, ZOU Leping, LIU Fang, ZHU Tong, HUANG Shangshu. Effects of Interaction of Shading Height and Shading Rate on Tea Garden Environment and Matcha Quality[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 237-244. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194202.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/IS1/237

图/表 9

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主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	表面照度Illuminance
主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	05-15	05-19	05-23	05-27	06-02
CK		15 875.7±625.3a	42 153.3±1 637.6a	37 783.3±143.6a	57 406.7±433.6a	39 680.0±839.1a
H1	Z1	6 371.7±140.6b	23 163.3±426.7b	18 079.0±381.6c	20 483.0±369.2d	23 703.3±712.9b
	Z2	6 151.3±77.7b	18 719.3±807.1c	16 918.0±236.3d	20 133.3±576.6b	21 121.0±640.8c
	Z3	538.3±25.0g	3 560.0±649.1f	2 011.7±150.4g	2 039.7±217.8i	2 698.0±140.4e
H2	Z1	5 101.7±587.6c	13 826.3±689.7d	20 063.0±418.0b	25 283.3±594.3c	20 078.0±890.1c
	Z2	4 364.0±134.1d	13 443.0±746.6de	18 410.0±205.5c	15 484.0±278.4f	17 929.3±544.0d
	Z3	1 162.7±95.0f	1 620.3±212.3g	3 836.3±650.4f	5 503.3±85.9g	3 629.7±167.8e
H3	Z1	3 699.7±266.0e	12 520.7±430.2de	17 927.0±262.6c	17 908.3±756.1e	18 451.0±660.3d
	Z2	3 463.0±189.3e	12 251.3±454.7e	16 065.0±123.2e	15 703.3±341.6f	18 297.7±270.5d
	Z3	712.7±121.0fg	2 316.3±303.6fg	2 411.0±92.6g	2 915.0±250.8h	3 189.7±467.7e

主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	表面照度Illuminance
主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	05-15	05-19	05-23	05-27	06-02
CK		15 875.7±625.3a	42 153.3±1 637.6a	37 783.3±143.6a	57 406.7±433.6a	39 680.0±839.1a
H1	Z1	6 371.7±140.6b	23 163.3±426.7b	18 079.0±381.6c	20 483.0±369.2d	23 703.3±712.9b
	Z2	6 151.3±77.7b	18 719.3±807.1c	16 918.0±236.3d	20 133.3±576.6b	21 121.0±640.8c
	Z3	538.3±25.0g	3 560.0±649.1f	2 011.7±150.4g	2 039.7±217.8i	2 698.0±140.4e
H2	Z1	5 101.7±587.6c	13 826.3±689.7d	20 063.0±418.0b	25 283.3±594.3c	20 078.0±890.1c
	Z2	4 364.0±134.1d	13 443.0±746.6de	18 410.0±205.5c	15 484.0±278.4f	17 929.3±544.0d
	Z3	1 162.7±95.0f	1 620.3±212.3g	3 836.3±650.4f	5 503.3±85.9g	3 629.7±167.8e
H3	Z1	3 699.7±266.0e	12 520.7±430.2de	17 927.0±262.6c	17 908.3±756.1e	18 451.0±660.3d
	Z2	3 463.0±189.3e	12 251.3±454.7e	16 065.0±123.2e	15 703.3±341.6f	18 297.7±270.5d
	Z3	712.7±121.0fg	2 316.3±303.6fg	2 411.0±92.6g	2 915.0±250.8h	3 189.7±467.7e

主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	SPAD值SPAD value
主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	05-15	05-19	05-23	05-27	06-02
CK		27.2±0.8e	27.4±1.1de	30.6±0.8de	31.7±1.7d	37.1±2.3c
H1	Z1	35.4±1.2c	36.8±0.7c	35.9±0.5c	37.5±1.2e	37.6±0.8c
	Z2	38.0±2.9b	40.8±0.8c	36.4±1.1c	41.2±2.2d	41.3±2.6b
	Z3	41.3±0.9a	41.5±1.1b	40.3±1.1b	43.4±2.3c	48.0±2.4a
H2	Z1	31.9±0.9d	34.2±1.5e	29.3±1.6e	34.7±1.8d	36.7±2.0c
	Z2	32.6±0.9d	34.2±1.4de	30.9±0.4de	34.8±2.0cd	37.4±2.7c
	Z3	37.9±1.4b	39.7±1.4a	43.8±1.1a	40.9±2.4a	41.0±2.3b
H3	Z1	36.8±0.2bc	38.8±0.7c	36.1±3.3c	30.7±1.6d	31.9±1.3b
	Z2	37.5±1.4bc	38.3±2.0c	35.7±2.0c	39.4±0.9d	41.6±2.0d
	Z3	38.1±2.0b	40.3±0.7cd	33.1±1.2cd	39.4±1.1b	40.9±2.1b

主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	SPAD值SPAD value
主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub- treatments	05-15	05-19	05-23	05-27	06-02
CK		27.2±0.8e	27.4±1.1de	30.6±0.8de	31.7±1.7d	37.1±2.3c
H1	Z1	35.4±1.2c	36.8±0.7c	35.9±0.5c	37.5±1.2e	37.6±0.8c
	Z2	38.0±2.9b	40.8±0.8c	36.4±1.1c	41.2±2.2d	41.3±2.6b
	Z3	41.3±0.9a	41.5±1.1b	40.3±1.1b	43.4±2.3c	48.0±2.4a
H2	Z1	31.9±0.9d	34.2±1.5e	29.3±1.6e	34.7±1.8d	36.7±2.0c
	Z2	32.6±0.9d	34.2±1.4de	30.9±0.4de	34.8±2.0cd	37.4±2.7c
	Z3	37.9±1.4b	39.7±1.4a	43.8±1.1a	40.9±2.4a	41.0±2.3b
H3	Z1	36.8±0.2bc	38.8±0.7c	36.1±3.3c	30.7±1.6d	31.9±1.3b
	Z2	37.5±1.4bc	38.3±2.0c	35.7±2.0c	39.4±0.9d	41.6±2.0d
	Z3	38.1±2.0b	40.3±0.7cd	33.1±1.2cd	39.4±1.1b	40.9±2.1b

主处理 Main treatments	副处理 Sub treatments	水浸出物/% Water extract	氨基酸/% Amino acid	茶多酚/% Tea polyphenol	咖啡碱/% Caffeine	酚氨比 TP/AA ratio
CK		16.07±0.70d	2.34±0.20f	34.57±0.80a	2.25±0.20bc	14.79±1.60a
H1	Z1	24.77±0.70b	2.42±0.20ef	32.03±1.40b	2.43±0.10abc	13.26±0.60b
	Z2	25.20±0.40ab	2.62±0.10d	21.43±0.60f	2.57±0.20ab	8.17±0.50de
	Z3	26.03±0.30a	2.92±0.10ab	13.67±0.90h	2.62±0.10a	4.69±0.30g
H2	Z1	17.57±0.30c	2.57±0.10de	26.30±0.50e	2.27±0.20c	10.25±0.30c
	Z2	17.67±0.30c	2.80±0.10bc	20.73±0.30f	2.45±0.10abc	7.40±0.30ef
	Z3	18.47±0.40c	3.98±0.10ab	20.67±0.30f	2.51±0.10bc	6.94±0.10f
H3	Z1	18.13±0.50c	2.94±0.10ab	24.73±0.60d	2.34±0.10bc	8.42±0.30de
	Z2	18.20±0.30c	2.67±0.20cd	23.33±0.50e	2.47±0.10abc	8.75±0.40de
	Z3	18.47±1.50c	2.50±0.050def	19.40±0.80g	2.51±0.10ab	7.76±0.10def

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