摘要： 为培肥复垦土壤、提高土壤潜在的磷素有效性，采用盆栽试验研究施用不同浓度单一及混合解磷菌群对复垦土壤磷形态以及油菜产量、吸磷量、叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明，与不施解磷菌群处理相比，施入不同浓度的解磷菌群能够提高土壤有效磷含量、碱性磷酸酶活性及土壤全磷的含量，其中，效果最好的是解磷细菌群，较不施解磷菌群处理，土壤有效磷含量、碱性磷酸酶活性及土壤全磷含量分别提高21.69%~50.42%，7.17%~25.45%，2.38%~9.52%，且在中浓度4 mL/盆处理下含量达到最大；施入解磷菌群能够提高油菜的产量和叶绿素含量，解磷细菌群作用效果最显著，分别较不施解磷菌群处理提高4.13%~41.76%，3.60%~17.90%，在中浓度4 mL/盆处理下油菜的产量和叶绿素含量达到最大，油菜吸磷量变化不显著；不同解磷菌群处理对复垦土壤Hedley无机磷形态含量也有影响；不同解磷菌群处理的土壤H₂O-Pi、NaHCO₃-Pi、NaOH-Pi含量均高于CK处理，残渣态-P、HCl-Pi含量低于CK处理，其中，作用最显著的是中浓度4 mL/盆的解磷细菌群处理；解磷细菌群处理的土壤H₂O-Pi，NaHCO₃-Pi，NaOH-Pi含量均高于不施解磷菌群处理。施入解磷菌群可以增加土壤H₂O-Pi、NaHCO₃-Pi、NaOH-Pi含量，降低HCl-Pi、残渣态-P的含量。综合分析结果显示，中浓度的解磷细菌群处理可以促进土壤磷素的活化，提高土壤有效磷含量，同时可显著提高作物叶绿素含量及其产量，结果可为矿区复垦土壤磷肥合理配施提供理论依据。

关键词: 解磷菌群, 土壤有效磷, 土壤磷形态, 碱性磷酸酶活性

Abstract: To cultivate the reclaimed soil and improve the availability of potential phosphorus in soil, we set a pot experiment to study the effects of different concentrations of single and mixed phosphate-solubilizing flora on phosphorus morphology and rape yield, phosphorus uptake and chlorophyll content in reclaimed soil. The results showed that the application of different concentrations of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could improve the available phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity and soil total phosphorus content, and the best effect was phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Soil available phosphorus content, alkaline phosphatase activity and soil total phosphorus content were all significantly higher than those no treatment of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria treatment, by 21.69%-50.42%, 7.17%-25.45%, 2.38%-9.52% respectively, and reached the maximum under the concentration of 4 mL/pot. The application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could improve the yield and chlorophyll content of rape, and the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was the most significant, which improved 4.13%-41.76% and 3.60%-17.90% than those no treatment of phosphate bacteria treatment, respectively. The yield and chlorophyll content of rapeseed were the highest under the medium concentration of 4 mL/pot, the phosphorus content of rape did not show significant difference. The effects of different phosphate-solubilizing treatments on Hedley inorganic phosphorus morphological contents were also affected. The contents of H₂O-Pi, NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi in soil treated with different phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were higher than those in CK, and residual-P and HCl-Pi were lower than those of CK. The most significant effect was the medium concentration of 4 mL/pot phosphate bacteria treatment. The contents of H₂O-Pi, NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi in soil treated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were higher than those without phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Application of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could increase the contents of H₂O-Pi, NaHCO₃-Pi and NaOH-Pi in soil and reduce the content of residual-P and HCl-Pi. The results of comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could promote the activation of soil phosphorus and increase the available phosphorus content in the soil, and could significantly improve the chlorophyll content and yield of the crop. The results will provide the rational application of phosphate fertilizer in the reclaimed soil theoretical basis.

Key words: Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, Soil available phosphorus, Soil phosphorus form, Alkaline phosphatase activity

中图分类号: 

• S565.4

• S143.2