摘要： 草石蚕(Stachys sieboldii Miq.)是我国的特产蔬菜之一.病毒侵染是引起草石蚕种性退化的主要原因.经血清学和电镜鉴定,北京地区的草石蚕至少受到三种病毒感染,即苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)、烟草花叶病毒(TMV)和另一种不知名的长线条形病毒.为了恢复草石蚕原有的种性,采用茎尖分生组织培养技术成功地获得了脱病毒植株.用试管苗茎段扦插法离体快速繁殖优良脱毒母株,理论上年繁殖率可达5,000万倍以上.离体贮存试验表明,可将脱毒母株在23±2℃的培养室内离体保存8—9个月.1985年小面积试种结果:脱毒系每公顷产31.15吨,块茎单重4.16克,分别比罹毒母系增加1.7倍和1.2倍.块茎营养分析表明,脱毒系粗蛋白含量达21.62%,较罹病毒系高39.57%,氨基酸总含量平均增加30%以上.本文最后还讨论了草石蚕组培脱毒技术的应用问题.

关键词: 草石蚕, 茎尖分生组织培养, 脱毒系

Abstract: Chinese artichoke(stachys sieboddii Miq.)is one of the native vegetables of China.In Beijing region,this vegetable is chronically infected by three dif-ferent viruses:Alfalfa DIosaic Virus(AVIV),Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV) a nd sn unidentified、i:-s which shcr s lcrg strir,-like pm 1ic1Es unc'er elec-tron microscope,These viruses are easily separated by ira vitro meristem-tip cul-ture,The regenerated virus-free plants can be rapidly propagated by micro-cu-tting,and theoretically the potential multiplication rate could reach more th-an 50 million each year.The virus-free mother plant can be successfully stored in culture room at 23±2 C for 8-9 months,In 1985, the yield of the virus-free clone reached 31,147.5kg/ha,,o.67times as many as the virus-infected clone。 The average weight of the tuber for the virus-free clone is 4.16 grams,2.2 times as heavy as the virus-infected clone, Results of nutrient analyses of tubers sh-ows that the total protein content is 21.62%for the virus-free clone,which is 39, 57 % more than the virus-infected clone, and the total amino-acids content of the virus-free clone is 31.51%higher than that of the virus-infected clone, A Final discussion is held on the application of such virus-free clones of Chi-nese artichoke produced by ia vitro meristem-tip culture.

Key words: Chinese artichoke(stachys sieboldi.i Miq.), Mcristeme-tip culture, V irus-free clone