摘要： 本试验在河南省从北到南4个不同纬度的地点上连续进行2年（共8个环境类型）。材料包括7个小麦亲本和由此按不完全双列杂交模式组配、人工去雄授粉产生的12个杂种组合。研究结果，小麦杂种单株籽粒产量平均杂种优势及其变异幅度分别为22.01%、11.90-40.64%。每穗粒数的杂种优势大于千粒重和单株穗数的杂种优势。面团形成时间，面团稳定时间，拉伸仪面积、峰值、延伸度及其拉伸仪峰值与延伸度的比值均呈现正向杂种优势；籽粒蛋白质含量、吸水率、面筋含量和弱化度表现负向杂种优势。但单株籽粒蛋白质产量表现正向杂种优势，平均17.20%。容重表现正向杂种优势，且变异范围较窄。杂种优势的环境变异主要是受地点以及地点、年份和杂种间二级互作的显著影响。

关键词: 小麦杂种优势, 面团形成时间, 面团稳定时间, 弱化度

Abstract: The experiment was conducted at eight environments(two years×four locations at different latitudes)in Henan Province,China.Seven parents and twelve hybrids produced by hand-pollination in accordance with incomplete diallel cross model were included.Heterosis of yield,quality characters and their variation at various environments were studied.The average heterosis of grain yield per plant was 22.01%.The hetcrosis of kernel number per spike was higher than that of the spike number per plant and 1000-kernel weight.There was positive averaged heterosis for all hybrids in dough initiation time,dough stability time,extensogram area,peak valute,resistibility,and the ratio of resistibility to extensibility.There was negatively average heterosis for all hybrids in grain protein content,gluten content,water absorption,and weakness(Mechanical Tolerance Index)which was consistent with the positive heterosis of stability time.But the average heterosis of all hybrids in grain protein yield per plant was 17.20%.Test weights were positive average heterosis,but the range was narrow.The significant variation of heterosis to environments was mainly due to the location and the interaction between the hybrid and the vear×the location.

Key words: Wheat Heterosis, Dough initiation time, Dough stability time, Weakness