水肥耦合对华北区口感型与普通型设施番茄产量及品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196710

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确水肥耦合对口感番茄果实品质及滋味物质积累的调控效应,以豫甜优六口感番茄和2442普通番茄为试材,构建6组水肥耦合处理(W1F1:70%~75% ETc+180-90-150 kg/hm²;W1F2:70%~75% ETc+240-120-200 kg/hm²;W1F3:70%~75% ETc+300-150-250 kg/hm²;W2F1:80%~85% ETc+180-90-150 kg/hm²;W2F2:80%~85% ETc+240-120-200 kg/hm²;W2F3:80%~85% ETc+300-150-250 kg/hm²),研究其对设施番茄产量、营养品质、糖酸组分及可溶性固形物动态积累的调控效应。结果表明:灌溉量与施肥量对产量影响极显著,W2处理使豫甜优六和2442分别增产22.3%,19.6%;F3处理下产量最高,分别为33 720,33 480 kg/hm²。品质指标呈现品种特异性响应:豫甜优六维生素C含量在W1F2时最优(0.383 mg/g),2442在W1F3时最优(0.224 mg/g);可溶性蛋白含量受施肥主导,豫甜优六在W2F2处理达峰值(7.02 mg/g)。糖酸组分积累模式存在品种差异:豫甜优六的葡萄糖、柠檬酸和苹果酸均在W2F2处理下最优,果糖在W2F1时最高,糖酸比峰值为8.326(W2F1);而2442的糖酸积累对水分响应较弱,其糖酸比峰值达9.346(W2F2)。可溶性固形物(Brix)呈前期速增、后期平稳的动态特征,W1F2处理表现最佳协同效应,豫甜优六峰值为10.19%,且较W2F1节水12.5%~17.6%、节肥20%。综上,适度水分亏缺配合优化施肥可同步提升产量与品质,豫甜优六适宜高水低肥模式(W2F1),2442适宜高水中肥模式(W2F2)。

关键词: 口感番茄, 水肥耦合, 果实品质, 糖酸组分, 可溶性固形物积累

Abstract:

To elucidate the regulatory effects of water-fertilizer coupling on fruit quality and taste substance accumulation in flavor tomatoes,greenhouse experiments were conducted using Yutianyou 6(premium flavor type)and 2442(common type)as test materials.Six water-fertilizer coupling treatments were established(W1F1:70%—75% ETc+180-90-150 kg/ha;W1F2:70%—75% ETc+240-120-200 kg/ha;W1F3:70%—75% ETc+300-150-250 kg/ha;W2F1:80%—85% ETc+180-90-150 kg/ha;W2F2:80%—85% ETc+240-120-200 kg/ha;W2F3:80%—85% ETc+300-150-250 kg/ha).The effects on yield,nutritional quality,sugar-acid components,and dynamic accumulation of soluble solids in greenhouse tomatoes were investigated.The results demonstrated that: both irrigation and fertilization exerted extremely significant effects on tomato yield.The W2 regime increased yields of Yutianyou 6 and 2442 by 22.3% and 19.6%,respectively,compared with W1.The highest yields were obtained under F3,reaching 33 720,33 480 kg/ha,respectively.Quality traits exhibited cultivar-specific responses.Vitamin C content was optimized in Yutianyou 6 under W1F2(0.383 mg/g)and in 2442 under W1F3(0.224 mg/g).Soluble protein accumulation was predominantly fertilizer-driven,peaking in Yutianyou 6 at W2F2(7.02 mg/g).Sugar-acid accumulation patterns varied between cultivars.Yutianyou 6 showed optimal glucose,citric acid,and malic acid accumulation under W2F2,with maximal fructose and sugar-acid ratio(8.326)achieved under W2F1.Conversely,2442 displayed weaker water responses,attaining its highest sugar-acid ratio(9.346)under W2F2.Soluble solids(Brix)displayed a rapid initial increase followed by stabilization,with W1F2 producing the optimal synergistic effect(peak 10.19% in Yutianyou 6)while conserving 12.5%—17.6% irrigation water and 20% fertilizer compared with W2F1.In conclusion,moderate water deficit combined with optimized fertilization can simultaneously enhance yield and quality.Yutianyou 6 is recommended for the high water-low fertilizer regime(W2F1),whereas 2442 is suited to the high water medium fertilizer regime(W2F2).

Key words: Flavor tomato, Water-fertilizer coupling, Fruit quality, Sugar-acid composition, Soluble solids accumulation

中图分类号:

S641.2
S365

赵盛, 贾宋楠, 刘胜尧, 高洪波, 李劲松, 杜凤焕, 邸宇飞, 范凤翠. 水肥耦合对华北区口感型与普通型设施番茄产量及品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(4): 205-214. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196710.

ZHAO Sheng, JIA Songnan, LIU Shengyao, GAO Hongbo, LI Jinsong, DU Fenghuan, DI Yufei, FAN Fengcui. Effects of Water-Fertilizer Coupling on Yield and Quality of Flavor-Type and Common Greenhouse Tomatoes in North China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(4): 205-214. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196710.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I4/205

图/表 8

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品种 Variety	灌溉量 Irrigation level	施肥量 Fertilizer rate	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield
豫甜优六	W1	F1	22 455±690.90Cb
Yutianyou 6		F2	26 850±458.85Bb
		F3	29 685±947.85Ab
	W2	F1	27 465±643.20Ca
		F2	30 255±497.40Ba
		F3	33 720±643.35Aa
	F值	W	174.265^**
		F	153.439^*
		W×F	2.220
2442普通番茄	W1	F1	22 065±573.75Bb
2442 common		F2	23 085±526.65Bb
tomato		F3	29 400±79.35Ab
	W2	F1	26 625±675.60Ca
		F2	28 650±375.15Ba
		F3	33 480±609.60Aa
	F值	W	277.852^**
		F	230.916^**
		W×F	2.332

品种 Variety	灌溉量 Irrigation level	施肥量 Fertilizer rate	产量/ (kg/hm²) Yield
豫甜优六	W1	F1	22 455±690.90Cb
Yutianyou 6		F2	26 850±458.85Bb
		F3	29 685±947.85Ab
	W2	F1	27 465±643.20Ca
		F2	30 255±497.40Ba
		F3	33 720±643.35Aa
	F值	W	174.265^**
		F	153.439^*
		W×F	2.220
2442普通番茄	W1	F1	22 065±573.75Bb
2442 common		F2	23 085±526.65Bb
tomato		F3	29 400±79.35Ab
	W2	F1	26 625±675.60Ca
		F2	28 650±375.15Ba
		F3	33 480±609.60Aa
	F值	W	277.852^**
		F	230.916^**
		W×F	2.332

品种 Variety	灌溉量 Irrigation level	施肥量 Fertilizer rate	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acidity content
豫甜优六	W1	F1	0.380±0.022Aa	5.00±0.49Ba	54.84±2.69Aa	8.59±0.21Ab
Yutianyou 6		F2	0.383±0.021Aa	4.40±0.41Bb	54.93±3.52Aa	6.86±0.18Bb
		F3	0.354±0.007Aa	7.00±0.23Aa	51.98±3.57Aa	8.41±0.24Aa
	W2	F1	0.308±0.012ABb	4.86±0.47Ba	67.41±3.18Ab	9.49±0.52Aa
		F2	0.333±0.037Aa	7.02±0.56Aa	66.39±4.00Ab	9.45±0.19Aa
		F3	0.268±0.035Bb	4.40±0.26Bb	64.39±3.81Ab	7.74±0.28Bb
	F值	W	32.855^**	0.092	54.522^**	45.363^**
		F	5.564^*	7.055^**	1.230	19.742^**
		W×F	0.778	58.808^**	0.045	45.902^**
2442普通番茄	W1	F1	0.126±0.011Ba	4.65±0.09Aa	50.66±2.62Aa	6.06±0.79Aa
2442 common		F2	0.215±0.017Aa	3.72±0.24Ba	49.15±1.39Aa	6.87±0.20Aa
tomato		F3	0.224±0.019Aa	3.74±0.47Ba	51.42±3.54Aa	6.79±0.25Aa
	W2	F1	0.111±0.009Ba	5.18±0.54Aa	47.07±1.48Ab	5.37±0.28Aa
		F2	0.124±0.004Bb	4.23±0.45ABa	46.27±1.71Ab	5.00±0.55Ab
		F3	0.173±0.012Ab	3.43±0.44Ba	46.65±2.56Ab	5.89±0.43Ab
	F值	W	74.323^**	1.623	11.440^**	27.837^**
		F	59.452^**	17.267^**	0.566	2.804
		W×F	12.871^**	2.120	0.248	2.759

品种 Variety	灌溉量 Irrigation level	施肥量 Fertilizer rate	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acidity content
豫甜优六	W1	F1	0.380±0.022Aa	5.00±0.49Ba	54.84±2.69Aa	8.59±0.21Ab
Yutianyou 6		F2	0.383±0.021Aa	4.40±0.41Bb	54.93±3.52Aa	6.86±0.18Bb
		F3	0.354±0.007Aa	7.00±0.23Aa	51.98±3.57Aa	8.41±0.24Aa
	W2	F1	0.308±0.012ABb	4.86±0.47Ba	67.41±3.18Ab	9.49±0.52Aa
		F2	0.333±0.037Aa	7.02±0.56Aa	66.39±4.00Ab	9.45±0.19Aa
		F3	0.268±0.035Bb	4.40±0.26Bb	64.39±3.81Ab	7.74±0.28Bb
	F值	W	32.855^**	0.092	54.522^**	45.363^**
		F	5.564^*	7.055^**	1.230	19.742^**
		W×F	0.778	58.808^**	0.045	45.902^**
2442普通番茄	W1	F1	0.126±0.011Ba	4.65±0.09Aa	50.66±2.62Aa	6.06±0.79Aa
2442 common		F2	0.215±0.017Aa	3.72±0.24Ba	49.15±1.39Aa	6.87±0.20Aa
tomato		F3	0.224±0.019Aa	3.74±0.47Ba	51.42±3.54Aa	6.79±0.25Aa
	W2	F1	0.111±0.009Ba	5.18±0.54Aa	47.07±1.48Ab	5.37±0.28Aa
		F2	0.124±0.004Bb	4.23±0.45ABa	46.27±1.71Ab	5.00±0.55Ab
		F3	0.173±0.012Ab	3.43±0.44Ba	46.65±2.56Ab	5.89±0.43Ab
	F值	W	74.323^**	1.623	11.440^**	27.837^**
		F	59.452^**	17.267^**	0.566	2.804
		W×F	12.871^**	2.120	0.248	2.759

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