摘要： 对20世纪60年代我国开展谷子杂交育种工作以来华北夏谷区谷子品种遗传基础的分析结果表明：21世纪以前，华北夏谷区谷子育种的骨干亲本先后经历了“新农724-日本60日、豫谷1号、冀谷6号、鲁谷2号、鲁谷5号-日本60日、豫谷1号、冀谷6号、鲁谷2号、不5019”的变化过程，对上述骨干亲本的系谱进一步追踪发现，该阶段华北夏谷区谷子品种遗传基础主要来源于“日本60日、60日还仓、米黄谷、小柳根”4个基础种质，遗传基础相当狭窄；尤其是20世纪90年代以后，育成品种遗传基础狭窄的现象越来越严重，1994-2003年国家区试和河北省区试参试品种中70%以上含有“日本60日”血缘，严重的年份达100%，40%以上双亲均有日本60日血缘，严重的年份达75%，导致育成品种抗性脆弱，产量品质难以取得较大突破，使我国谷子育种工作长期处于爬坡阶段。造成这一现象的原因在于育种手段的单一化和人们对少数骨干亲本的集中利用，解决这一问题的途径在于：加强品种资源研究，广泛搜集各种各样的资源，进行亲本材料的创新，并不断进行方法创新，探索一些先进使用的新型谷子育种方法。
关键词:
谷子品种,
遗传基础,
系谱
Abstract: Since 60′s in 20 century,the cross breeding works of millet were developed in china,the result of the research on the genetic foundation of millet varieties in Boreali-sinica summer millets region showed that the backbone parents of millet breeding came through the change course of "Xinnong 724 to Japan 60 Day,Yugu No.1,Jigu No.6,Lugu No.2,Lugu No.5 to Japan 60 Day,Yugu No.1,Jigu No.6,Lugu No.2,Bu 5019".The more research on the above parents showed that the genetic foundation mostly root in the four base germplasms that Japan 60 Day,60 Day Huancang,Mihuanggu and Xiaoliugen before the 21 century.The genetic foundation was quite narrow,especially 90′s in 20 century later,the genetic foundation of breeded varieties was more and more narrow.The 70 percent of the tested varieties had the kin of "Japan 60 Day"in the National Region Experimentation and Hebei Province Region Experimentation from 1994 to 2003,sometimes the ratio was 100 percent in serious age,above 40 percent double parents had the consanguinity of "Japan 60 Day",sometimes was 75 percent in serious age,resulted in the brittle resistance of millet variety,it is difficulty to break through in the yield and quality,the breeding works locat in the uphill PHASe for a long time.The main reason is that simple breeding means and centralized utilizing of the minor parents.The settling approach is that strength the research on germplasms and far-ranging collect the germplasms,innovate the parents and methods,explore the advanced new type millet breeding methods.
Key words:
Millet variety,
Genetic foundation,
Pedigree
中图分类号:
刘正理, 程汝宏, 张凤莲, 夏雪岩, 师志刚, 侯升林. 华北夏谷区主要谷子品种及其系谱演变与遗传基础分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2006, 21(S2): 103-109. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.z2.025.
LIU Zheng-li, CHENG Ru-hong, ZHANG Feng-lian, XIA Xue-yan, SHI Zhi-gang, HOU Sheng-lin. Millet Variety in Boreali-Sinica Summer Millets Region and Its Pedigree Evolution and Analysis on Genetic Foundation[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2006, 21(S2): 103-109. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-7091.2006.z2.025.