采用负压式土壤湿度计严格监测土壤水势,于不同生育期进行不同强度的控水处理,研究土壤水分对寒地水稻生长发育、产量的影响及补偿效应,并从生态学和农学两方面探讨了胁迫后的可补偿性及意义.结果表明,分蘖期不同强度的控水处理使两个品种的叶龄进程变缓,复水后叶龄得到不同速度的补偿逐渐与对照接近;使两个品种的株高低于CK均达到极显著水平,但复水后株高迅速补偿生长,最终与对照间的差异不显著;但复水后茎数补偿较小,最终穗数仍低于CK,达极显著水平.长穗期不同强度的控水处理对株高的影响复水后不能得到补偿,两品种各个处理的最终株高低于CK,均达到显著或极显著水平,主要是控水处理显著或极显著降低了植株第2～4节间的长度;但两个品种的茎数于复水后出现超补偿现象,最终茎数和穗数均极显著地高于CK,但此期控水处理改变了物质的分配系数,使经济产量的降低幅度高于生物产量降幅的一倍以上,因此这种数量上的超补偿可以说具有生态学意义,但没有农学意义.今后应加强使补偿或超补偿更具有农学方面意义的研究.
A pot experiment with different controlling water treatments (CWT) during different developmental stages for two cultivars of soil water potentials strictly monitored by soil negative pressure water potential tester was conducted to study the effects of soil water on the growth,grain yield and compensation of rice in cold region.The compensation and its significance under water stresswas also investigated from both ecological and agricultural perspective.The results were as followed: CWT on different levels during tillering period slowed down the growth of leaves for both cultivars,however leaves got compensation at different rates after water given back,gradually getting close to those under control.CWT on different levels during tillering period made plant height of both cultivars obviously lower than CK,however plant height increased quickly after water given back,and finally no obvious differences were seen compared to those under control.During tillering period,the compensation of culm number was little.Panicle number was still obviously lower than CK after water given back.CWT on different levels during panicleformation period showed no compensation on plant height after water given back.The final plant height of both cultivars under treatment was obviously or extremely obviously lower than CK,mainly because water control shortened the length of the 2nd section to the 4th section of plant.However,the culm number of both cultivars showed extra compensation after water given back during panicleformation period.The final culm number and panicle number were obviously larger than CK.Nevertheless,water control during panicleformation period changed the distribution coefficient of materials,making the decrease of economic yield twice asmuch as biological yield.Therefore,extra compensation on culm number and panicle number has ecological significance but no agricultural signifi cance.Deeper research are needed for making compensation more significant from the agricultural aspect.
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