利用自制新型大气压等离子体装置对生菜种子进行处理, 研究了不同电压的大气压等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及产量品质的影响。试验结果表明: 不同电压的等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发的影响效果不同。其中, 5610和5950 V处理对种子的萌发有促进作用, 种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数与对照相比均有所提高, 而6290~7310 V处理则抑制了种子的萌发, 且电压越高抑制效果越明显。同时, 等离子体处理种子α-淀粉酶活性提高, 电导率降低, 幼苗地上部鲜干质量、地下部鲜干质量、根体积、根活力及过氧化物酶活性也有不同程度的增加。不同电压的等离子体处理促进了生菜定植后的生长发育, 产量最高比CK提高12.52%; 生菜的维生素C、叶绿素、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量等品质也有所改善。综合来看, 5610和5950 V的等离子体处理效果较优。
To understand better the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma on lettuce seed germination, seedling growth, yield and quality, we designed a novel atmospheric pressure plasma equipment. The lettuce seeds were treated by the equipment with different voltage from 5610 to 7310 V. The results showed that the effects of different voltage plasma treatments on seed germination were not the same. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor indfx of 5610 and 5950 V treatments were increased than the control. But the seed germination was restrained by plasma treatment from 6290 to 7310 V and the higher voltage, the more restrained. In addition, the activities of alpha amylase were higher, and the conductivities of seeds lower compared with the control. The fresh weight, dry weight, root volume, as well as root activity, and peroxidase activity were heightened obviously. The lettuce yield of six dffferent voltage plasma treatments were increased, they were 7.53%, 12.52%, 6.78%, 6.09%, 6.28% and 8.29% more than the control. The vitamin C, chlorophyll, nitrate and nitrite content of plasma treatments were also improved. In our expertment the effects of 5610 and 5950 voltage plasma treatments were better than other voltages.
[1] 金仲辉. 物理技术在农业上的应用[J]. 现代物理知识, 1993, 5(5): 14-16.
[2] 马铁山, 郝改莲. 物理肥料在生产中的应用[J]. 生物学杂志, 2004, 21(6): 62-63.
[3] 房正浓, 朱诚. 物理因素处理对农作物种子的生物学效应[J]. 种子, 1998(5): 40-44.
[4] 王月华, 韩烈保, 尹淑霞, 等. 60CO-γ射线辐射对早熟禾种子发芽及种子内酶活性的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2006, 28(1): 54-57.
[5] 林仁荣. 磁处理技术在农业中的应用[J]. 福建农业大学学报, 1999, 28(4): 509-512.
[6] 肖望, 王玉玲, 关志琼. 磁化水浸种对苦瓜种子萌发及对其幼苗生理指标的影响[J]. 生物磁学, 2004, 4(2): 7-10.
[7] 吴旭红, 孙为民, 张红燕. 静电场对植物的生物学效应[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2005(2): 44-46.
[8] Rajput M A, Qureshi M J. Effect of gamma-irradiation on germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content in mung b ean[J]. Sabrao Newsletter, 1973, 5(1): 39-42.
[9] Carstensen E L. Biological effects of power frequency electric fields[J]. Journal of Electrostatics, 1997, 39(3): 157-174.
[10] Souza T A, Porras L E, Casate F R. Effect of magnetic treatment of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)seeds on germination and seedling growth[J]. Horticult Abs, 1999, 70(8): 6892.
[11] Thimmaiah S K, Mahadevu P, Srinivasappa K N. Effect of gamma-irradiation on seed germination and seedling vigour in cowpea[Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp. ][J]. Journal of Nuclear Agriculture and Biology, 1998, 27(2): 142-145.
[12] Garcia R F, Arza P L. Influence of a stationary magnetic field on water relations in lettuce seeds. PartⅠ: Theoretical considerations[J]. Bioelectromagnetics, 2001, 22(8): 589-595.
[13] 董遵, 刘敬阳, 马红梅, 等. 离子束在油菜育种中的诱导效应初报[J]. 上海农业学报, 2003, 19(1): 15-18.
[14] 李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000: 169-172, 134-137, 119-120.
[15] 王金胜. 农业生物化学研究技术[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2001: 234-235.
[16] CHEN G L, FAN S H, YANG S Z, et al. A novel atmospheric pressure plasma fluidized bed and its application in mutation of plant seed[J]. China Physics Letter, 2005, 22(8): 1980-1983.
[17] 王敏, 杨思泽, 陈青云, 等. 大气压等离子体处理对黄瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(2): 195-200.
[18] 晨阳, 何宝胜, 薛康. 静电生物学效应及作用机理初探[J]. 中国医学物理学杂志, 2005, 22(3): 531-533.
[19] 于虹漫, 陈宗瑜. 花卉的辐射敏感性[J]. 内蒙古农业科技, 2004(1): 34-36.
