目前已报道的甜瓜专用营养液配方中钾素水平差异较大, 影响植株生长和果实品质形成。为量化设施基质栽培网纹甜瓜的钾素供给, 本试验在120, 240和360 mg/L三个钾素水平下, 对温室基质栽培网纹甜瓜的植株生长、矿质元素积累及氨基酸、香气物质等品质因子进行了测试分析。试验结果表明: 营养液中240 mg/L的钾素水平可增强网纹甜瓜植株的生长势, 促进茎杆粗壮, 有利于矿质元素吸收, 但对叶面积无显著影响。钾素施用水平对网纹甜瓜的单瓜重无显著影响, 对营养风味品质的影响主要表现在显著提高果肉内可溶性固形物、谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸及香气物质的含量。但钾素过量(360 mg/L)则会导致网纹甜瓜果实品质降低。生产实践中, 温室基质栽培网纹甜瓜营养液中的最适钾素水平应为240 mg/L, 此时植株对N, P, K, Ca, Mg的吸收比例为28∶5∶40∶21∶6。
Potassium level in previous nutrient solution for muskmelon varied considerably, which influenced plant growth and fruit quality formation. The effects of 120, 240, and 360 mg/ L potassium levels on plant growth, macroelement accumulation, amino acids and aromatic compounds in fruit were studied, in order to optimize potassium fertilizer application. The muskmelon vigorously grew at potassium level of 240 mg/ L in nutrient solution, which was beneficial to macroelement absorption. However, no significant difference in leaves area and fruit weight were recorded among the three treatments. The concentration of TSS, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, and aroma components concentration were significantly increased in fruit flesh with 240 mg/L potassium level, which should improved the nutrition and taste quality of muskmelon. The excessive potassium level(360 mg/L) reduced fruit quality. Favorable nutrient and taste of muskmelon with medium culture were achieved when potassium level was adjusted to 240 mg/ L. The muskmeklon macxoelement absorption ratio of N, P, K, Ca, Mg was 28: 5: 40: 21: 6 under this potassium level at harvest.
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