小麦品种的遗传多样性在育种工作中发挥着重要的作用.为了明确黄淮海麦区四省份小麦品种遗传多样性的基础,本研究以所收集的黄淮海麦区的河南、河北、山东和陕西四省的近十几年来(1992-2008年)审定的部分(42份)小麦品种为研究材料,以9个农艺性状为基础进行遗传性状的分析.结果表明,不孕小穗数的变异系数最大为61.39%,其次为有效分蘖和穗粒数,千粒重的变异系数最小为6.06%.河南、河北、山东和陕西四省的多样性指数分别为1.83,1.82,1.73和1.62,平均值为1.7.在此基础上,用最长距离法可将42份材料聚为三大类,但是第Ⅱ大类和第Ⅲ大类相差不大,这说明上述四省小麦品种遗传多样性在逐步提高的同时,其遗传基础仍需进一步拓宽.在性状选择上,首先对变异大的性状进行选择是非常重要的;在品种选择上,应注意选择产量、单株粒重和单株粒数均高的品种.
Analysis of genetic diversity changes in cultivated crops plays an important role in plant breeding.To understand the genetic diversity of bread wheat cultivars released in Henan province,Hebei province,Shandong province and Shaanxi province,genetic diversity of a total of 42 wheat cultivars which were registered in Huang-huai-hai area from 1992 to 2008 was analyzed based on nine agronomic traits.The results showed that among the nine agronomic traits tested,number of sterile spikelets has the largest variation with a coefficient of variance(CV) of 61.39%,effective tiller number and grain number per spike followed,while number of thousand-grain weight has the smallest variation with CV of 6.06%.Genetic diversity index(H′) of Henan,Hebei,Shandong,Shaanxi provinces are 1.83,1.82,1.73 and 1.62,with an average value of 1.75.Based on longest distance(Euclidean distance) method,all the cultivars can be clustered into three major groups,while the discrepancy of the second group cultivars and the third group cultivars was not distinct.It indicated that though the diversity of wheat has been improved in recent years,it is necessary to further broaden the genetic basis for breeding needs.On character selection,it is very important to select the characters with obvious coefficient of variance;and on breed selection,we should pay more attention on selecting the breeds with high yield,high grain weight per plant and high grain number of single plant.
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