论文

小麦-玉米轮作区耕作及培肥方式对麦田土壤养分和小麦产量的影响

  • 邵云 ,
  • 王小洁 ,
  • 张紧紧 ,
  • 胡永娟 ,
  • 冯荣成 ,
  • 姚利娇 ,
  • 赵院利 ,
  • 李春喜
展开
  • 1. 河南师范大学生命科学学院, 河南新乡 453007;
    2. 获嘉县农业技术推广中心, 河南新乡 453800
邵云(1973-),女,山东单县人,教授,博士,主要从事小麦生理生态研究

收稿日期: 2013-04-03

  修回日期: 2013-04-03

  网络出版日期: 2014-10-14

基金资助

“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目2011BAD16B15;2012BAD14B08);河南师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(11127)

Effects of Tillage and Fertilizer on Soil Nutrient and Wheat Yield in Wheat-corn Rotation Area

  • Shao Yun ,
  • Wang Xiaojie ,
  • Zhang Jinjin ,
  • Hu Yongjuan ,
  • Feng Rongcheng ,
  • Yao Lijiao ,
  • Zhao Yuanli ,
  • Li Chunxi
Expand
  • 1. College of Life Sciences,He′nan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007,China;
    2. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Huojia, Xinxiang 453800,China

Received date: 2013-04-03

  Revised date: 2013-04-03

  Online published: 2014-10-14

摘要

为了探索华北地区适宜的耕作培肥方式,通过在河南省获嘉县小麦-玉米轮作区高产农田4年的定位试验,比较研究了深耕(DT)与浅耕(ST)2种耕作方式和增施有机粪肥(OF)、秸秆还田(SF)、有机粪肥+秸秆还田(OSF)与对照(CK)4种培肥方式对土壤养分和小麦产量的影响。结果表明,对于不同耕作方式,耕层土壤的全氮、有机质含量均为ST>DT,而全磷含量变化不定;对于不同的培肥方式,土壤全氮、有机质含量均为:OSF>OF>SF>CK,但土壤全磷含量变化则有所不同,深耕条件下为:OSF>OF>SF>CK,浅耕条件下则为:OF>OSF>SF>CK。耕作方式对土壤全氮含量影响极显著,对有机质含量影响显著;培肥方式对土壤全氮含量影响极显著,对全磷含量影响显著。从小麦产量来看,无论深耕还是浅耕均以OSF处理最高,其中深耕+有机粪肥+秸秆还田(DTOSF)处理最高,单独深耕处理(DTCK)最低。此外,耕作方式对穗长的影响极显著,培肥方式对穗长、结实小穗、千粒质量、穗粒数的影响均为极显著,耕作与培肥互作对不孕小穗影响显著。综上所述,DTOSF处理是华北地区较好的增产耕作培肥方式。

本文引用格式

邵云 , 王小洁 , 张紧紧 , 胡永娟 , 冯荣成 , 姚利娇 , 赵院利 , 李春喜 . 小麦-玉米轮作区耕作及培肥方式对麦田土壤养分和小麦产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2013 , 28(3) : 152 -158 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.03.027

Abstract

In order to explore the rational model of tillage and fertilization in North China, the experiment was performed in wheat-corn rotation field for four years,and the changes of soil nutrient contents and wheat' s yield components were surveyed with deep or shallow tillage and four fertilization treatments,such as organic manure(OF) ,maize straw (SF) ,organic manure and maize straw (OSF) and the control ( CK) . The results showed that,the contents of total nitrogen and organic matter in soils with shallow tillage (ST) were higher than that with deep tillage( DT) ,but the content of total phosphorus in soils was unstable; the sequence of contents of total nitrogen and organic matter was as OSF > OF > SF > CK,but the content of total phosphorus was changed differently,while being as OSF > OF > SF > CK with deep tillage and OF > OSF > SF > CK with shallow tillage. Through the analysis of variance,the effect of tillage methods was highly significant on the content of total nitrogen in soils,and was significant on the content of organic matter. Furthermore, the effect of fertilizer was highly significant on the content of total nitrogen and was significant on the content of total phosphorus. The yield with deep tillage maize straw and organic manure ( DTOSF) was the highest,and the yield with deep tillage and CK( DTCK) was the lowest. In addition, to some extent, the effect of tillage method on the spike length was highly significant,and the effect of fertilizer on spike length, spikelet bearing number, 1000-grain weight and grains number per spike was highly significant. The interactions of tillage and fertilizer had a significant effect on aborted spikelet number. Overall, the best model of tillage and fertilization in North China was DTOSF.

参考文献

[1] 沈善敏,宇万太,陈欣,等. 施肥进步在粮食增产中的贡献及其地理分异[J]. 应用生态学报, 1998,9(4) :386 - 390.
[2] 宇万太,张璐,殷秀岩,等. 下辽河平原农业生态系统养分循环再利用的作物产量增益[J]. 应用生态学报, 2000, 11( 增刊) : 5 - 7.
[3] 宇万太,张璐,殷秀岩,等. 下辽河平原农业生态系统不同施肥制度的土壤养分收支[J]. 应用生态学报,2002, 13(12) : 1571 - 1574.
[4] 奚振邦. 关于化肥对作物产量贡献的评估问题[J]. 磷肥与复肥, 2004, 19(3) : 68 - 71.
[5] 党廷辉,彭林,戴铭钧,等. 旱塬长期施肥的产量效应与土壤肥力演变[J]. 水土保持学报, 1995,9(1) : 55 - 63.
[6] 刘杏兰,高宗,刘存寿,等. 有机-无机肥配施的增产效应及对土壤肥力影响的定位研究[J]. 土壤学报,1996, 33(2) : 138 - 147.
[7] 吕家珑,张一平,王旭东,等. 长期单施化肥对土壤性状及作物产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2001,12(4) : 569 - 572.
[8] 周斌,王周琼. 长期定位施肥对灰漠土养分的影响及评价[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(4) : 35 - 39.
[9] 张海林,秦耀东,朱文珊. 耕作措施对土壤物理性状的影响[J]. 土壤, 2003, 35(2) : 140 - 143.
[10] 巩杰,黄高宝,陈利顶. 旱作麦田秸秆覆盖的生态综合效应研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(3) :69 - 73.
[11] 高焕文,李问盈,李洪文. 中国特色保护性耕作技术[J]. 农业工程学报, 2003, 19(3) : 1 - 4.
[12] 申凤军,张丽华. 论深松耕作技术抗旱防蚀机理及效果[J]. 黑龙江水利科技, 2008, 36(5) :172.
[13] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 第3 版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2005.
[14] 刘世平,张洪程,戴其根,等. 免耕套种与秸秆还田对农田生态环境及小麦生长的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(2) : 393 - 396.
[15] 佟培生,李勇,何奇镜. 吉林省中部地区玉米少耕法研究报告. Ⅱ. 少耕有效年限试验报告[J]. 吉林农业科学, 1999, 24(1) : 8 - 11.
[16] Yan X Y,Ohara T,Akimoto H. Bottom-up estimate of biomass burning in mainland China[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2006, 40: 5262 - 5273.
[17] 黄绍敏,宝德俊,皇甫湘荣. 长期施肥对潮士耕层养分状况的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2002,8( 增刊) : 135 - 140.
[18] 高翔,沈阿林,寇长林,等. 秸秆还田对小麦—玉米轮作田土壤有机碳质量的影响[J]. 河南农业科学,2012, 41(9) : 63 - 67.158 华北农学报28 卷.
[19] Shibahara F, Inubushi K. Measurement of microbial biomass C and N in paddy soils by the fumigation extraction method[J]. Soil Science Plant Nutrition, 1995, 46: 681 -689.
[20] Gaunt J L,Neue H U,Cassman K G, et al. Microbial biomassand organic matter turnover in wetland rice soils[J]. Biology & Fertility of Soils, 1995, 19: 33 - 34.
[21] 李涛,李金铭,赵景辉,等. 深耕对小麦发育及节水效果影响的研究[J]. 山东农业科学, 2003( 3) : 18.
[22] 李春喜,胡国贤,姜丽娜,等. 耕作培肥对冬小麦产量构成及叶片生理特性的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报,2009, 29(5): 885 - 891.
[23] Dawe D,Dobermann A,Ladha J K, et al. Do organic amendments improve yield trends and profitability in intensive rice systems[J]. Field Crops Research,2003,83: 191 - 213.
[24] 江晓东,迟淑筠,宁堂原,等. 秸秆还田与施氮量对小麦、玉米产量与品质的影响[J]. 河南农业科学,2010, 12: 44 - 47.
[25] Bi L D,Zhang B,Liu G R, et al. Long-term effects of organic amendments on the rice yields for double rice cropping systems in subtropical China[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2009, 129: 534 - 541.
[26] Jiang D,Hengsdijk H,Dai T B, et al. Long-term effects of manure and inorganic fertilizers on yield and soil fertility for a winter wheat-maize system in Jiangsu,China[J]. Pedosphere, 2006, 16: 25 - 32.
[27] Zhang H M,Xu M G,Zhang F D. Long-term effects of manure application on grain yield under different cropping systems and ecological conditions in China[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2009, 147: 31 - 42.
[28] 李春明,熊淑萍,赵巧梅,等. 有机无机肥配施对小麦冠层结构、产量和蛋白质含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(12) : 4287 - 4293.
文章导航

/