通过6个灌溉处理的田间试验,研究了不同灌溉次数和灌溉量对麦田60 cm土层土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)淋失以及冬小麦各个生育阶段氮素吸收转移的影响.试验结果显示,水分条件影响土壤NO3--N的含量和分布,土壤NO3--N含量随着灌水次数和灌水量的增多而降低,而且集中分布在20～40 cm土层.冬小麦植株在返青期不灌水处理积累的氮素最高,拔节期后显著低于其他灌水处理(P<0.05),开花-成熟期,灌1水、2水和3水处理植株积累氮高于灌4水和5水处理.花后叶中氮向穗部的转移率为82%左右,且随着灌溉量的增大而升高,茎中氮的转移率偏低,平均5%.成熟期,花后叶茎(未考虑根)及花后植株同化氮素对穗部的贡献率分别为34%,32%,34%,植株总氮在穗部的分配比之间无显著差异,灌3水处理氮素吸收效率最高.上述结果表明,灌水量促进土壤NO3--N向下淋溶,使土壤60 cm以上NO3--N含量降低,不利于作物吸收.适度干旱有利于冬小麦植株氮素的积累和吸收利用效率的提高.花后营养器官氮向穗部的转移率叶>茎,穗中氮约66%来源于营养器官的转移,34%来源于花后同化氮量.权衡水分利用效率和氮素吸收利用率,灌2水或3水是华北地区较好的灌溉选择.
金欣欣
,
张喜英
,
陈素英
,
孙宏勇
,
王彦梅
,
邵立威
,
高丽娜
. 不同灌溉次数和灌溉量对冬小麦氮素吸收转移的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2009
, 24(4)
: 112
-118
.
DOI: 10.7668/hbnxb.2009.04.023
A field experiment involving six irrigation treatments (from none to five irrigation application),was to de2 termine the effects of irrigation amount and frequency on the nitrate nitrogen (NO3 - 2N) in soil layers (0 - 60 cm) and the translocation of accumulation nitrogen in wheat plants. The experimental results showed that the water condition had an impact on the amount and distribution of NO3 - 2N in soil.NO3 - 2N amount significantly decreased as irrigation frequency increased when partial NO3 - 2N can be collected in soil depth of 20 - 40 cm. The irrigation none treatment had a highest nitrogen accumulation at the stage of sowing to rejuvenating,then remarkably lower than the other treatments at 0. 05 probability level. Irrigation frequency fromone to three had a higher nitrogen accumulation amount than four and five after anthesis. The post2anthesis nitrogen translocation rates from leaves and stems to spikes were 82 % and 75 % respectively. Rate of leaf nitrogen translocation rose with increasing irrigation frequency,but stem translocation rate reversely. Contribu2 tion of nitrogen from leaves,stems and post2anthesis assimilation nitrogen to spikes were 34 %,32 % and 34 % after an2 thesis. The distribution rate of nitrogen accumulation in spikes had no significant difference between treatments at maturi2 ty. Irrigation two and three had a higher uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen from soil. From above we concluded sufficient irrigation amount led soil NO3 - 2N to leak and low soil nitrate had no helpful for nitrogen assimilation in wheat plants.Moderate water deficit was favorable for nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen uptake efficiency and water utilization efficiency to increase. The translocation rate from leaves was larger than from stems,and 66 % of spike nitrogen came from vegetative organs nitrogen mobilization,the other 34 % was derived from post2anthesis assimilation nitrogen. So irrigation two or three was a reasonable irrigation method for balancing water2nitrogen utilization efficiency in north china plain.
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