研究了冬季4种光周期处理(自然日长CK、20 h、16 h、暗期中断4 h)对胭脂花生长发育的影响。结果表明,冬季自然日长(9～11 h)条件下,胭脂花顶芽长期处于休眠状态,延长日照时间和暗期中断可使处于休眠状态的胭脂花在10 d内迅速萌发;延长日照时间显著促进了胭脂花的生长,20 h日照处理的植株生长最快,单株干质量最终达到1.424 g,但其根系长势弱,干质量仅为0.075 g,根冠比失调,部分植株枯萎死亡。16 h日照和暗期中断对生长的促进作用差异不显著,但根系活力高于20 h日照处理。不同光周期处理110 d后,胭脂花植株统一置于自然日长下继续培养40 d,发现均有花芽形成,16 h日照处理的植株花芽分化进程略早于其他2种处理,而对照植株无可见花芽形成;经低温冷藏100 d后,花芽分化率及成花率均以暗期中断4 h处理的植株为最高。3种补光处理的胭脂花地上部分GA含量均极显著高于对照(P=0.01),而ABA含量显著低于对照(P=0.05),不同补光处理和对照之间胭脂花地上部分IAA的含量没有显著差异;地下部分GA、ZR、IAA的含量在各处理和对照之间没有极显著差异(P=0.01),但ABA的含量极显著低于对照(P=0.01)。研究结果说明,长日照处理诱导胭脂花休眠芽萌发,并促进营养生长;胭脂花地上部分GA含量升高与ABA含量降低,可能是长日照促进胭脂花顶芽萌发的原因。
The effects of fouR photopeRiod tReatments( natuRal day length ( 9 - 11 h，CK) ，20 h ( L20 ) ，16 h ( L16 ) ，and 4 houRs' lighting in midnight( night inteRRuption) on the gRowth and development of PRimula maximowiczii weRe investigated in winteR． The Results showed that the apical buds of P． maximowiczii plants gRew undeR natuRal day length weRe doRmant in a long peRiod and spRouted Rapidly undeR extended day length oR night inteRRuption tReatment in 10 days． The gRowth of P． maximowiczii plants weRe pRomoted significantly by thRee supplementaRy lighting tReatments，and the dRy mass peR plant Reached the maximum( 1． 424 g) when day length was 20 h，howeveR， the Root-shoot Ratio was lowest，which Resulted the death of some plants． PhotopeRiod of 16 h and night inteRRuption tReatments also pRomoted the gRowth of P． maximowiczii plants obviouslynveRtheless neveRtheless， the diffeRence between the two tReatments was not significant，and the Root activities weRe higheR than those plants gRew undeR 20 h． AfteR 110 days' tReatments， the plants gRew undeR all thRee diffeRent tReatments weRe placed undeR natuRal day length to continue gRowing，and floweR buds foRmation weRe found in some plants，howeveR floweR bud weRe diffeRentiated eaRlieR in the plants gRew undeR 16h than the otheR two tReatments． AfteR 100 days' stoRage at - 2 ℃， the plants undeR night inteRRuption tReatment has the highest floweR diffeRentiation Rate and floweRing Rate，howeveR the plants gRew undeR natuRal day length had no visible floweR bud foRmed． The GA contents in abovegRound paRt of P． maximowiczii plant undeR thRee tReatments weRe all higheR significantly than the contRol( p = 0． 01) ，and the ABA contents weRe all loweR significantly than the contRol( P = 0． 05) ． Meanwhile， theRe was no significant diffeRence foR the IAA contents among diffeRent tReatments． The contents of GA，ZR， IAA in P． maximowiczii Roots had no diffeRence( P = 0． 01) among tReatments，while the ABA contents undeR thRee supplementaRy light tReatments weRe significantly loweR than the contRol( P = 0． 01) ． The Results illustRated that extending day length induced the teRminal bud geRmination，and the Rise of GA content and the decRease of ABA content in P． maximowiczii plants may be the Reason foR pRomoting the apical buds spRouting．
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