用PCR-SSCP和测序技术对河西绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊和内蒙古绒山羊3个品种共394个个体的生肌决定因子5(Myf-5)和垂体转录释放因子-1基因(Pit-1)进行遗传多态性分析,并研究基因型对体质量和体尺性状的影响。结果表明:Myf-5基因第1外星子在3个山羊品种中未发现多态性。在Pit-1基因第3外星子中检测到1个SNP(A/G),并存在AA和AB 2种基因型,A等位基因为优势等位基因。最小二乘分析结果表明,AA基因型有较高的产绒量和体质量且达到显著水平(P<0.05),而对于体尺性状,基因型间未达到显著水平(P>0.05),但AB基因型个体的表型值明显低于AA基因型,2种基因型在这3个体尺指标的大小排列顺序均为AA>AB。推测Pit-1基因对山羊生长性能存在一定影响,提示AA基因型可作为分子标记用于预测山羊生产性状。
Genetic polymorphisms of Myf-5 gene and Pit-1 gene were analyzed by sequencing and PCR-SSCP in Hexi cashmere goat，Liaoning cashmere goat and Inner Mongolia cashmere goat，and the effects of genotype on body weight and body measurement traits were also estimated． There was no polymorphism in exon 1 of Myf-5 gene in three goat breeds，and one SNP ( A/G) and two genotypes ( AA and AB) were detected， the A was the predominant allele in exon 3 of Pit-1 gene． Using least square analysis， it was showed that individuals with the AA genotype had significantly more body weight and production of cashmere than these with AB genotype ( P ＜ 0． 05) ． Although there was no significant difference for the body measurement traits ( P ＞ 0． 05) ， the phenotypic values of the individuals with AB genotype were obviously less than those with AA genotype，with order of AA ＞ AB in three index．These results suggest that the Pit-1 gene has some effects on the production performance of goat，and it is proved to be closely related to production traits．
[1] Beylkin D H，Allen D L，Leinwand L A，et al． MyoD，Myf5， and the calcineurin pathway activate the developmental myosin heavy chain genes[J]． Developmental Biology，2006， 294: 541 - 553．
[2] Ye H Q，Chen S L，Xu J Y． Molecular cloning and characterization of the Myf5 gene in sea perch( Lateolabrax japonicus)[J]． Biochemistry ＆ molecular biology，2007，147( 3) : 452 - 459．
[3] Coutelle O，Blagden C S，Hampson R， et al． Hedgehog signalling is required for maintenance of myf5 and myoD expression and timely terminal differentiation in zebrafish adaxial myogenesis[J]． Dev Biol，2001，236 ( 1) : 136 -150．
[4] 赵志强，刘强，李钢． 骨骼肌卫星细胞移植对延缓失神经肌肉萎缩的作用[J]． 中华骨科杂志，2006，26( 1) : 51 - 55．
[5] Rosenfeld M G． POU-domain transcription factors: pou-erful developmental regulators[J]． Genes Development，1991，5( 6) : 897 - 907．
[6] Tuggle C K，Trenkle A． Control of growth hormone synthesis[J]． Domestic Animal Endocrinology，1996，13 ( 1) : 1- 33．
[7] Cohen L E，Wondisford F E，Radovick S． Role of Pit-1 in the gene expression of growth hormone，prolactin， and thyrotropin[J]． Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America， 1996， 25( 3) : 523 - 540．
[8] Ohta K，Nobukuni Y，Mitsubuchi H，et al． Mutations in the Pit-1 gene in children with combined pituitary hormone deficiency[J]． Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications， 1992， 189( 2) : 851 - 855．
[9] Cohen L E，Radovick S． Molecular basis of combined pituitary hormone deficiencies[J]． Endocrine Reviews， 2002，23( 4) : 431 - 442．
[10] Li S，Crenshaw E B Ⅲ，Rawson E J， et al． Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1[J]． Nature， 1990，347( 6293) : 528 - 533．
[11] Banerjee-Basu S，Baxevanis A D． Molecular evolution of the homeodomain family of transcription factors[J]． Nucleic Acids Research， 2001， 29(15) : 3258 - 3269．
[12] Brunsch C，Sternstein I，Reinecke P，et al． Analysis of associations of PIT1 genotypes with growth，meat quality and carcass composition traits in pigs[J]． Journal of Applied Genetics， 2002， 43( 1) : 85 - 91．
[13] Zhao Q，Davis M E，Hines H C． Associations of polymorphisms in the Pit-1 gene with growth and carcass traits in Angus beef cattle[J]． Journal of Animal Science， 2004，82( 8) : 2229 - 2233．
[14] 韦宏伟，徐刚毅，汪代华，等． Myf5 基因多态性与山羊生长性状相关分析[J]． 中国畜牧杂志， 2011， 47( 7) :15 - 17．
[15] Sambrook J，Fritsch E F，Maniatis T． Molecular Cloning[M]． New York: Cold Spring Habor Laboratory， 1989．
[16] 张海军，陈宏，房兴堂，等． 山羊MyoD 基因家族多态性及与体尺性状的相关性[J]． 遗传， 2007， 29( 9) :1077 - 1082．
[17] Feng T，Chu M X，Cao G L， et al． Polymorphisms of caprine POU1F1 gene and their association with litter size in Jining Grey goats[J]． Mol Biol Rep，2011，39 ( 4) :4029 - 4038．
[18] Lan X Y， Shu J H，Chen H， et al． A PstⅠpolymorphism at 3 UTR of goat POU1F1 gene and its effect on cashmere production[J]． Mol Biol Rep， 2009， 36( 6) : 1371 - 1374．
[19] 吴慧光，赵静雯，孙国权，等． 牛POU1F1-exon2 多态性与部分线性和乳用性状相关研究[J]． 内蒙古农业大学学报: 自然科学版， 2010， 25( 5) : 530 - 534．
[20] 刘波，陈宏，蓝贤勇，等． 秦川牛及其杂种牛POU1F1 基因多态性与生长性能相关性[J]．中国农业科学， 2005， 38(12):2520-2525．
