华北农学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 143-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190790

所属专题: 水稻 土壤肥料

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减施下紫云英不同翻压量对双季稻产量及养分利用效率的影响

程会丹1,2, 鲁艳红2,3, 聂军2,3, 朱启东2,3, 聂鑫1,2, 曹卫东4, 高雅洁2,3, 廖育林1,2,3   

  1. 1. 湖南大学研究生院 隆平分院, 湖南 长沙 410125;
    2. 湖南省土壤肥料研究所, 湖南 长沙 410125;
    3. 农业部湖南耕地保育科学观测实验站, 湖南 长沙 410125;
    4. 中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-16 出版日期:2020-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 廖育林(1975-),男,湖南新化人,研究员,博士,主要从事植物营养与作物高效施肥研究。
  • 作者简介:程会丹(1992-),女,河南西华人,在读硕士,主要从事绿肥生产与利用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(2017YFD0301504;2018YFD03006);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22-G-11);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017NK2372);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2018ZD02-2)

Effects of the Incorporation of Various Amounts of Chinese Milk Vetch and Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiencies in Double Cropping Rice System

CHENG Huidan1,2, LU Yanhong2,3, NIE Jun2,3, ZHU Qidong2,3, NIE Xin1,2, CAO Weidong4, GAO Yajie2,3, LIAO Yulin1,2,3   

  1. 1. Longping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China;
    2. Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China;
    3. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Hunan), Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China;
    4. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2020-02-16 Published:2020-06-28

摘要: 为了探索紫云英替代化肥的可行性和适宜翻压量,利用连续11 a田间定位试验,共设置7个处理,分别为CK(不施紫云英和化肥)、GM22.5(单施紫云英22.5 t/hm2)、100% CF(常规施肥)及60%化肥施用量条件下将紫云英翻压量设15.0(GM15.0),22.5(GM22.5),30.0(GM30.0),37.5(GM37.5)t/hm2 4个水平,研究化肥减施下不同紫云英翻压量对双季稻产量、氮磷钾积累量、氮磷钾利用率及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,施肥处理均能显著增加早晚稻及全年两季籽粒产量(P<0.05),增幅分别为79.1%~91.1%,44.8%~50.7%,56.8%~64.7%。单施紫云英可显著增加水稻产量(P<0.05),与CK相比,早晚稻及全年两季籽粒产量增幅分别为23.9%,12.4%,16.4%。60%化肥与不同量紫云英配施处理早晚稻及全年两季籽粒产量与常规施肥相比差异不显著,紫云英翻压量为15.0~30.0 t/hm2时,早晚稻及全年两季籽粒产量均随紫云英翻压量的增多而提高,当紫云英翻压量多于30.0 t/hm2时,则呈下降趋势。在所有的化肥配施紫云英处理中,早晚稻籽粒氮、磷、钾养分积累量均以翻压紫云英30.0 t/hm2时最高。与常规化肥相比,紫云英与化肥配施可提高氮、钾肥回收利用率、农学效率和偏生产力。与CK相比,各施肥处理均不同程度地提高土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量。紫云英翻压量为22.5~30.0 t/hm2时,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量均显著高于常规化肥处理(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验施用60%化肥条件下长期翻压紫云英有利于促进水稻增产及水稻氮、磷、钾素的吸收,提高双季稻氮、磷、钾养分利用效率及土壤肥力。

关键词: 双季稻, 紫云英, 产量, 养分利用效率, 定位试验

Abstract: To explore the suitable application rate and the effect of substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch, an eleven-year field experiments were conducted, which included seven treatments,CK (no application of Chinese milk vetch and chemical fertilizer), GM22.5 (only Chinese milk vetch application 22.5 t/ha), 100%CF (conventional fertilizer), and the Chinese milk vetch application of 15.0 (GM15.0), 22.5 (GM22.5), 30.0 (GM30.0), 37.5 (GM37.5) t/ha with the application of 60% chemical fertilizer,the effects of different application rates of Chinese milk vetch under the condition of reduced chemical fertilizer on yields and nutrient uptakes, nutrient use efficiencies, soil fertility were investigated. The results showed that fertilization treatment significantly improved the grain yields of early rice, late rice and double-rice compared with CK (P<0.05), with an increase of 79.1%-91.1%, 44.8%-50.7% and 56.8%-64.7%, respectively. Application of only Chinese milk vetch could significantly increase rice yield compared with CK, and the grain yields of early, late rice and double-rice increased by 23.9%, 12.4% and 16.4%. The grain yields of early rice, late rice and double-rice under the application of 60% chemical fertilizer incorporate with various amounts of Chinese milk vetch had no significant difference with conventional fertilizer application. The rice yield was increased with the increasing amount of Chinese milk vetch incorporation within 15.0-30.0 t/ha, however, incorporation of Chinese milk vetch over 30.0 t/ha showed negative effects on crop production. In all the treatments combined Chinese milk vetch with fertilizer, the maximum increases of N, P and K nutrients accumulation in grains of early and late rice were obtained under the treatment of Chinese milk vetch application at 30 t/ha. Compared with conventional fertilizer application, combined applying of Chinese milk vetch with fertilizer significantly improved the recovery efficiency, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity of N and K fertilizers. Compared with CK, all fertilization treatments increased the concentrations of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkalytic N, available P and available K in varying degrees. The Chinese milk vetch incorporation of 22.5-30.0 t/ha significantly increased the concentrations of soil organic matter, total N, alkalytic N and available P compared with 100%CF treatment(P<0.05).Comprehensively, the long-term incorporation of Chinese milk vetch under the conditions of applying 60% chemical fertilizer in this experiment was conducive to promoting the increase of rice yield and the absorption of N, P and K, and improving N, P and K nutrient utilization efficiency and soil fertility of double rice cropping system.

Key words: Double cropping rice, Chinese milk vetch, Yield, Nutrient use efficiency, Site-specific experiment

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引用本文

程会丹, 鲁艳红, 聂军, 朱启东, 聂鑫, 曹卫东, 高雅洁, 廖育林. 化肥减施下紫云英不同翻压量对双季稻产量及养分利用效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(3): 143-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190790.

CHENG Huidan, LU Yanhong, NIE Jun, ZHU Qidong, NIE Xin, CAO Weidong, GAO Yajie, LIAO Yulin. Effects of the Incorporation of Various Amounts of Chinese Milk Vetch and Reducing Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Nutrient Use Efficiencies in Double Cropping Rice System[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(3): 143-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190790.

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