华北农学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 102-110. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190818

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• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同覆盖方式对河北平原春玉米产量形成和水分利用的影响

徐鹏飞1, 杜雄1, 孙小诺2, 高震1, 边大红1, 崔彦宏1   

  1. 1. 河北农业大学 农学院, 河北省作物生长调控重点实验室, 河北 保定 071001;
    2. 河北省保定市气象局, 河北 保定 071000
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-27 出版日期:2020-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 杜雄(1979-),男,河北定州人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事农业资源高效利用研究。
  • 作者简介:徐鹏飞(1993-),男,河南新蔡人,硕士,主要从事作物栽培研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300908);河北省青年优秀拔尖人才专项基金;河北农业大学作物学科梯队建设基金(TD2016C204);河北省玉米产业体系(HBCT2018020202)

Effects of Different Cover Methods on Yield and Water Utilization of Spring Maize in Hebei Plain

XU Pengfei1, DU Xiong1, SUN Xiaonuo2, GAO Zhen1, BIAN Dahong1, CUI Yanhong1   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Baoding 071001, China;
    2. Baoding Meteorological Bureau, Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
  • Received:2020-02-27 Published:2020-06-28

摘要: 针对河北省地下水压采区水资源严重亏缺和区域春玉米如何高效用水的问题,研究了秋季实施不同覆盖方式对春玉米产量及周年水分利用的影响,以先玉335为材料,在大口期灌水75 mm(W)和雨养旱作(R)2种条件下,设置土下无孔地膜覆盖(PM)、有孔土下地膜覆盖(P0M)、玉米秸秆覆盖(SM)、常规露地(NP)等处理,对春玉米生长发育状况、土壤耗水及产量形成进行了研究。结果表明:雨养旱作条件下,土下地膜覆盖产量较NP提高18.0%~24.9%,SM产量和NP差异不显著。在雨养旱作条件下,PM、P0M和SM生育期水分利用效率分别比NP提高了50.5%,41.0%,12.0%,而周年水分利用效率提高了63.2%,54.6%,19.1%;PM和P0M的节水效果显著好于SM,灌水条件下的结果与雨养旱作条件下相同。灌水增加产量的同时也相应增加了耗水量,覆盖下耗水增加的幅度大于增产的幅度。农田周年土下地膜覆盖可有效降低土壤水分蒸发,非生长季对土壤水分的蓄存,达到了"秋水春用"和提高水分利用效率的目的。

关键词: 春玉米, 覆盖, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: In order to alleviate the serious shortage of water resources in the area of reducing groundwater mining in Hebei Province and improve the water use efficiency of spring maize, a field of different coverage methods on spring maize were conducted. Using Xianyu 335 as the material, and the two kinds of water conditions were set up:irrigated 75 mm (W) at bell stage and rain-fed (R); four mulching treatments such as sub-soil mulch film covering (PM), ssub-soil mulch film covering with porous on film (P0M), corn stalk covering (SM), and normal planting (NP), were carried after autumn ploughing to examine spring maize of growth and development, soil water consumption and yield. Results showed that under rain-fed condition, mulching increased yield by 18.0%-24.9% compared with NP, however, the difference between SM and NP in the yield was not significant. Under rain-fed condition, the water use efficiency during growing season of PM, P0M and SM increased by 50.5%, 41.0% and 12.0% than NP, respectively; The annual water use efficiency was increased by 63.2%, 54.6% and 19.1% than NP, respectively. Additionally, the water saving effect of PM and P0M were significantly better than SM. The results under irrigation at bell stage were the same as those under rain-fed cultivation. The irrigation increased both of yield and water consumption, but relatively reduce the water use efficiency, which indicated that irrigation under mulch produced extravagant water consumption. Taken together, under the rain-fed condition, the sub-soil plastic film mulching was a new way for spring maize production as it can considerably coordinate annual water distribution, improve water use efficiency and increase yield in Hebei Plain.

Key words: Spring maize, Mulch, Yield, Water use efficiency

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引用本文

徐鹏飞, 杜雄, 孙小诺, 高震, 边大红, 崔彦宏. 不同覆盖方式对河北平原春玉米产量形成和水分利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(3): 102-110. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190818.

XU Pengfei, DU Xiong, SUN Xiaonuo, GAO Zhen, BIAN Dahong, CUI Yanhong. Effects of Different Cover Methods on Yield and Water Utilization of Spring Maize in Hebei Plain[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(3): 102-110. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190818.

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