华北农学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 122-130. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190278

所属专题: 薯类作物 土壤肥料

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同氮肥与密度水平对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响

刘明, 李洪民, 张爱君, 陈晓光, 靳容, 蒋薇, 唐忠厚   

  1. 江苏徐州甘薯研究中心, 农业部甘薯生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 江苏 徐州 221131
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-24 出版日期:2020-02-28
  • 通讯作者: 唐忠厚(1976-),男,安徽枞阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事甘薯栽培与品质分析研究。
  • 作者简介:刘明(1989-),男,安徽宿州人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事甘薯栽培生理与生态研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000704);国家甘薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-11)

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Yield and Quality of Fresh Edible Type Sweetpotato

LIU Ming, LI Hongmin, ZHANG Aijun, CHEN Xiaoguang, JIN Rong, JIANG Wei, TANG Zhonghou   

  1. Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou 221131, China
  • Received:2019-09-24 Published:2020-02-28

摘要: 为探讨氮肥用量和栽插密度与鲜食型甘薯产量、品质及淀粉糊化特性的关系,以徐薯32和徐紫薯5号为试验材料,设置3个施氮量(N)水平和5个密度(D)水平,于2017,2018年进行了田间试验。结果表明:两品种的薯块产量随施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,随密度的增加呈先下降后上升趋势,总体上在N0(0 kg/hm2)和D1(43 785株/hm2)水平下薯块产量最高。施氮使2个甘薯品种的干物质率降低,而显著增加了蛋白质含量;随栽插密度的增加,干物质率、淀粉和蛋白质含量总体上呈先升高后降低的趋势,还原糖含量总体呈下降趋势,而可溶性糖含量呈波动变化,均在D3水平下最低。施氮总体上使两品种块根的淀粉最高黏度、最低黏度和崩解值明显降低,消减值均明显升高,造成蒸煮食味品质的下降;两品种的最高黏度、最低黏度、崩解值和最终黏度值均随着密度的增加呈波动变化,徐薯32在D3水平下最大,而徐紫薯5号在D2水平下最高;施氮量和栽插密度对甘薯淀粉RVA谱的影响存在品种间和特性间的差异。综合本试验结果,在土壤肥力较高的地块大量施氮使甘薯产量下降,并降低了薯块营养品质和食味品质;在43 785株/hm2的密度水平下薯块产量最高,但适当增加密度有利于营养品质和蒸煮食味品质的提高。

关键词: 甘薯, 氮肥水平, 种植密度, 产量, 营养品质, 糊化特性

Abstract: In order to investigate the relationship of nitrogen fertilizer(N) and planting density(D) with the yield, quality and starch pasting properties of fresh edible sweetpotato, the field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 using Xushu 32 and Xuzishu 5 as the research subjects, and setting three nitrogen fertilizer levels and five planting densities. The results showed that:The storage root yield of the two varieties decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, while first decreased and then increased with the increase of density. In general, the maximum storage root yield came from the treatment of N0(0 kg/ha) nitrogen level and D1(43 785 plant/ha) density level; Nitrogen application reduced the dry matter rate and significantly increased the protein content in the two sweetpotato varieties. With the increase of planting density, the dry matter rate, starch content and protein content of the two cultivars generally increased first and then decreased. The reduced sugar showed a downward trend, while the soluble sugar content fluctuated, which was the lowest at D3 level; On the whole, the peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity and breakdown value of starch in the two varieties were significantly reduced and the setback value was significantly increased, resulting in the decline of cooking and eating quality. The peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown value and cool paste viscosity fluctuated with the increase of density; the maximum values were from the D3 level for Xushu 32, and from the D2 level for Xuzishu 5. The effects of nitrogen application and planting density on RVA spectrum of sweetpotato starch were different among varieties and characteristics. Based on the results of this experiment, applying a large amount of nitrogen to a plot with high soil fertility reduced the storage root yield of sweetpotato, and negatively affected the nutritional quality and edible quality. At the density level of 43 785 plants/ha, the storage root yield was the highest. However, proper increase of density was beneficial to the improvement of nutritional quality, cooking quality and eating quality.

Key words: Sweetpotato, Nitrogen fertilizer, Planting density, Yield, Nutritional quality, Pasting property

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引用本文

刘明, 李洪民, 张爱君, 陈晓光, 靳容, 蒋薇, 唐忠厚. 不同氮肥与密度水平对鲜食甘薯产量和品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(1): 122-130. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190278.

LIU Ming, LI Hongmin, ZHANG Aijun, CHEN Xiaoguang, JIN Rong, JIANG Wei, TANG Zhonghou. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Density on Yield and Quality of Fresh Edible Type Sweetpotato[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(1): 122-130. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190278.

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